如何设计旅游网站,响应式网站算几个页面,新产品推广策划方案,怎么做公司宣传网站上一篇文章当中笔者为大家介绍了风氏光照模型#xff0c;相信大家也发现了光照着色器当中有设置有很多控制光照强度的参数#xff0c;而所谓的材质系统就是我们可以人为的去调节这些参数#xff0c;让一个物体的反光效果能够更加接近我们现实生活当中的一些物体。
材质系统… 上一篇文章当中笔者为大家介绍了风氏光照模型相信大家也发现了光照着色器当中有设置有很多控制光照强度的参数而所谓的材质系统就是我们可以人为的去调节这些参数让一个物体的反光效果能够更加接近我们现实生活当中的一些物体。
材质系统 当描述一个表面时我们可以分别为三个光照分量定义一个材质颜色(Material Color)环境光照(Ambient Lighting)、漫反射光照(Diffuse Lighting)和镜面光照(Specular Lighting)。通过为每个分量指定一个颜色我们就能够对表面的颜色输出有细粒度的控制了。现在我们再添加一个反光度(Shininess)分量结合上述的三个颜色我们就有了全部所需的材质属性了
#version 450 core
struct Material {vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;float shininess;
}; uniform Material material; 如你所见我们为风氏光照模型的每个分量都定义一个颜色向量。ambient材质向量定义了在环境光照下这个表面反射的是什么颜色通常与表面的颜色相同。diffuse材质向量定义了在漫反射光照下表面的颜色。漫反射颜色和环境光照一样也被设置为我们期望的物体颜色。specular材质向量设置的是表面上镜面高光的颜色或者甚至可能反映一个特定表面的颜色。最后shininess影响镜面高光的散射/半径。 使用材质 我们在片段着色器中创建了一个材质结构体的uniform所以下面我们希望修改一下光照的计算来遵从新的材质属性。由于所有材质变量都储存在一个结构体中我们可以从uniform变量material中访问它们
void main()
{ // 环境光vec3 ambient lightColor * material.ambient;// 漫反射 vec3 norm normalize(Normal);vec3 lightDir normalize(lightPos - FragPos);float diff max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);vec3 diffuse lightColor * (diff * material.diffuse);// 镜面光vec3 viewDir normalize(viewPos - FragPos);vec3 reflectDir reflect(-lightDir, norm); float spec pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);vec3 specular lightColor * (spec * material.specular); vec3 result ambient diffuse specular;FragColor vec4(result, 1.0);
} 我们可以看到和之前光照模型几乎没有什么不同的我们只是通过结构体的方式来访问这些向量这样做的好处是我们可以人为的控制这些材质的向量了。
lightingShader.setVec3(material.ambient, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
lightingShader.setVec3(material.diffuse, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
lightingShader.setVec3(material.specular, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
lightingShader.setFloat(material.shininess, 32.0f);
不过到现在还是有一个问题那就是整个光照模型看上去会特别的亮这是因为我们还没有设置照射光的属性我们需要调整光的亮度。
struct Light {vec3 position;vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;
};uniform Light light;
片段着色器修改成如下的代码
void main()
{ // 环境光vec3 ambient light.ambient * material.ambient;// 漫反射 vec3 norm normalize(Normal);vec3 lightDir normalize(lightPos - FragPos);float diff max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);vec3 diffuse light.diffuse * (diff * material.diffuse);// 镜面光vec3 viewDir normalize(viewPos - FragPos);vec3 reflectDir reflect(-lightDir, norm); float spec pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);vec3 specular light.specular * (spec * material.specular); vec3 result ambient diffuse specular;FragColor vec4(result, 1.0);
}
设置光照的属性
lightingShader.setVec3(light.ambient, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
lightingShader.setVec3(light.diffuse, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
lightingShader.setVec3(light.specular, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
好的到了这里我们材质系统就为大家介绍到这里了不过通过上面的代码我们知道这个材质系统影响的是整个立方体的材质状况但我们也知道现实生活当中这种单一材质物体是很少见的一般我们看到的物体都是好几种材质组合而来的。要想表现出这种复杂的纹理我们组好要能控制每个像素颜色那怎样才能做到这种事了可能有的朋友已经想到了那就是使用之前的纹理就可以控制片段着色器当中的像素颜色了
纹理贴图 我们使用下面两个纹理图片来制作一个带有贴边的木箱子。 可能有的朋友想问为什么铁框的贴图的中间的部分是黑色的其实这个目的就在于减小木制材料部分中间的反光程度。整个光照着色器代码如下
#type vertex
#version 450 core
layout(location 0) in vec4 position;
layout(location 1) in vec3 color;
layout(location 2) in vec3 normal;
layout(location 3) in vec2 texCoord;layout(location 0) out vec4 v_Position;
layout(location 1) out vec3 v_Color;
layout(location 2) out vec3 v_Normal;
layout(location 3) out vec2 v_texCoord;uniform mat4 u_ViewProject;void main(){gl_Position u_ViewProject * position;v_Position position;v_Color color;v_Normal normal;v_texCoord texCoord;
}#type fragment
#version 450 corelayout(location 0) out vec4 o_Color;layout(location 0) in vec4 v_Position;
layout(location 1) in vec3 v_Color;
layout(location 2) in vec3 v_Normal;
layout(location 3) in vec2 v_texCoord;struct Material {int diffuse;int specular;int shininess;
};struct Light{vec3 position;vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;
};uniform sampler2D u_Textures[2];uniform vec3 u_ViewPos;
uniform Material material;
uniform Light light;void main(){vec3 v_position3 vec3(v_Position.x,v_Position.y,v_Position.z);//环境亮度vec3 ambient light.ambient * texture(u_Textures[material.diffuse],v_texCoord).rgb;//漫反射亮度vec3 vertex2light normalize(light.position - v_position3);float diff max(dot(vertex2light,normalize(v_Normal)),0.0f);vec3 diffuse light.diffuse * diff * texture(u_Textures[material.diffuse],v_texCoord).rgb;//镜面反射vec3 viewDir normalize(u_ViewPos - v_position3);vec3 reflectDir reflect(-vertex2light,normalize(v_Normal));float spec pow(max(dot(viewDir,reflectDir),0.0f),material.shininess);vec3 specular light.specular * spec * texture(u_Textures[material.specular],v_texCoord).rgb;vec3 result ambient diffuse specular;o_Color vec4(result,1.0f);
}
这样我们就可得到一个边框反光的木箱子了这一章总体是比较简单的主函数代码贴在下面如果对主函数当中的一些变量不清楚的话可以到这个网站获取此案例的所有的代码包括纹理贴图https://gitee.com/HonyOrange_227/opengl-light-lab
我们来看一下最后的效果 此文章到这里就结束了希望能帮助到大家
#includeglad/glad.h
#includeGLFW/glfw3.h#includeiostream
#includeglm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp#includeShader.h
#includeTexture.h
#includeCamera.hstatic Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f));
static bool run true;
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);int main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, Triangles, NULL, NULL);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);//需要初始化GLADif (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {std::cout Failed to initialize GLAD std::endl;return -1;}float lightVertexes[] {//front surface-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //00.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //10.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //2-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //3//back surface-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //40.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //50.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //6-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //7//up surface-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //80.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //90.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //10-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //11//down surface-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //120.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //130.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //14-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //15//left surface-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //16-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //17-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //18-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //19//right surface0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //200.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //210.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, //220.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f //23}; float vertexes[] {//front surface-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,//00.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,//10.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,//2-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,1.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,//3//back surface-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,//40.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,//50.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,//6-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,//7//up surface-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,//80.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,//90.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,//10-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,//11//down surface-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,//120.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,//130.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,//14-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,//15//left surface-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, -1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,//16-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, -1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,//17-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, -1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,//18-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, -1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,//19//right surface0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.0f,//200.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,0.0f,//210.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f,1.0f,//220.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,0.5f,0.2f, 1.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 0.0f,1.0f,//23};glm::vec4 originVertexes[24] {{-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},//back surface{-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},//up surface{-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},//down surface{-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},//left surface{-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f} ,{-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},//right surface{0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f},{0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f}};unsigned int indexes[] {//front surface0,1,2,2,3,0,//back surface4,5,6,6,7,4,//up surface8,9,10,10,11,8,//down surface12,13,14,14,15,12,//left surface16,17,18,18,19,16,//right surface20,21,22,22,23,20};glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);unsigned int buffer 0, lightbuffer 0,vertexArray 0, lightVertexArray 0,indexBuffer 0;glCreateVertexArrays(1, vertexArray);glBindVertexArray(vertexArray);glCreateBuffers(1, buffer);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertexes), vertexes, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 12 * sizeof(float), NULL);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 12 * sizeof(float), (const void*)(4 * sizeof(float)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);glVertexAttribPointer(2, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 12 * sizeof(float), (const void*)(7 * sizeof(float)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);glVertexAttribPointer(3, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 12 * sizeof(float), (const void*)(10 * sizeof(float)));glCreateVertexArrays(1, lightVertexArray);glBindVertexArray(lightVertexArray);glCreateBuffers(1, lightbuffer);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, lightbuffer);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(lightVertexes), lightVertexes, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 7 * sizeof(float), NULL);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 7 * sizeof(float), (const void*)(4 * sizeof(float)));glCreateBuffers(1, indexBuffer);glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indexes), indexes, GL_STATIC_DRAW);Shader* pShader new Shader(assets/shaders/TextureShader.glsl);Shader* pLightShader new Shader(assets/shaders/LightShader.glsl);Texture* pTextureWood new Texture(assets/Textures/container2.png);Texture* pTextureSteel new Texture(assets/Textures/container2_specular.png);glm::mat4 transform glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0), glm::vec3(0.3f, 1.5f, 1.5f));glm::vec4 orginCenter(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);int textureIndexes[2] { 0,1 };while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window) run) {glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glm::mat4 project glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.GetCameraZoom()), 640.0f / 480.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);glm::mat4 view camera.GetViewMatrix();glm::mat4 ViewProject project * view;for (int i 0; i 24; i) {glm::vec4 originPoint originVertexes[i];originPoint transform * glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f)) * originPoint;lightVertexes[i * 7] originPoint.x;lightVertexes[i * 7 1] originPoint.y;lightVertexes[i * 7 2] originPoint.z;lightVertexes[i * 7 3] originPoint.w;}glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, lightbuffer);glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(lightVertexes), lightVertexes);pShader-Bind();pShader-UploadUniformat4(u_ViewProject, ViewProject);glBindVertexArray(lightVertexArray);glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, NULL);glm::vec4 centerMove transform * orginCenter;for (int i 0; i 24; i) {glm::vec4 originPoint originVertexes[i];originPoint glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(1.5f, 1.5f, 1.5f)) * originPoint;vertexes[i * 12] originPoint.x;vertexes[i * 12 1] originPoint.y;vertexes[i * 12 2] originPoint.z;vertexes[i * 12 3] originPoint.w;}glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(vertexes), vertexes);pTextureWood-Bind(0);pTextureSteel-Bind(1);pLightShader-Bind();pLightShader-UploadUniformat4(u_ViewProject, ViewProject);pLightShader-UploadUnifromFloat3(u_ViewPos,camera.GetPosition());pLightShader-UploadUnifromFloat3(light.position, { centerMove.x, centerMove.y, centerMove.z });pLightShader-UploadUnifromFloat3(light.ambient, { 0.2f,0.2f,0.2f });pLightShader-UploadUnifromFloat3(light.diffuse, { 0.5f,0.5f,0.5f });pLightShader-UploadUnifromFloat3(light.specular, { 1.0f,1.0f,1.0f });pLightShader-UploadUniform1i(material.diffuse, 0);pLightShader-UploadUniform1i(material.specular, 1);pLightShader-UploadUniform1i(material.shininess, 64);pLightShader-UplaodUniform1iv(u_Textures, 2, textureIndexes);glBindVertexArray(vertexArray);glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 36, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, NULL);glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}delete pShader;delete pLightShader;glfwDestroyWindow(window);glfwTerminate();
}void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn) {static float lastX 320.0f, lastY 240.0f;static bool firstMouse true;float xpos static_castfloat(xposIn);float ypos static_castfloat(yposIn);if (firstMouse) {lastX xpos;lastY ypos;firstMouse false;}float xoffset xpos - lastX;float yoffset lastY - ypos;lastX xpos, lastY ypos;camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffsetIn, double yoffsetIn) {camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_castfloat(yoffsetIn));
}void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods) {if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) GLFW_PRESS)run false;
}
