做淘宝客网站流量选择,竹溪网站建设,腾讯云服务器,网站开发前途文章目录 1、简介1.1 OpenGL简介1.2 glfw简介 2、安装glfw2.1 直接命令二进制安装2.2 源码安装 3、测试glfw3.1 测试1#xff0c;glfwglew3.2 测试2#xff0c;glfwglad3.3 测试3 结语 1、简介
1.1 OpenGL简介
OpenGL作为图形界的工业标准#xff0c;其仅仅定义了一组2D和… 文章目录 1、简介1.1 OpenGL简介1.2 glfw简介 2、安装glfw2.1 直接命令二进制安装2.2 源码安装 3、测试glfw3.1 测试1glfwglew3.2 测试2glfwglad3.3 测试3 结语 1、简介
1.1 OpenGL简介
OpenGL作为图形界的工业标准其仅仅定义了一组2D和3D图形接口API而对于窗口管理、IO消息响应等并没有规定。也就是说OpenGL依赖各平台提供用于渲染的context以及具体实现方式而各平台提供的实现不尽相同。这些实现主要有Windows平台下的WGL、Linux下的Mesa/GLX、Mac OS X下的Cocoa/NSGL以及跨平台的GLUT、GLFW、SDL等等。
安装OpenGL库
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev使用如下的命令来查看对应显卡的OpenGL版本
glxinfo | grep -i opengl1.2 glfw简介
GLFW 是一个开源的多平台库适用于 OpenGL、OpenGL ES 和 桌面上的 Vulkan 开发。它提供了一个简单的 API 来创建 窗口、上下文和表面接收输入和事件。 GLFW 是用 C 语言编写的支持 Windows、macOS、Wayland 和 X11。 GLFW 根据 zlib/libpng 许可证获得许可。
https://www.glfw.org/ 查看glfw安装情况如下
locate glfw2、安装glfw
2.1 直接命令二进制安装
使用包管理器安装。
安装glfw:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install libglfw3# 或者
sudo apt-get install libglfw3
sudo apt-get install libglfw3-dev# 或者
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install libglfw3卸载glfw
# 要仅卸载包libglfw3
sudo apt-get remove libglfw3# 卸载 libglfw3 及其依赖项
sudo apt-get -y autoremove libglfw3# 删除 libglfw3 配置和数据
sudo apt-get -y purge libglfw32.2 源码安装
官方地址 https://github.com/glfw/glfw
从 GLFW 的官方网站下载源代码并编译安装依次执行如下命令
# git clone gitgithub.com:glfw/glfw.git
# wget https://github.com/glfw/glfw/archive/refs/tags/3.4.tar.gz
wget http://github.com/glfw/glfw/releases/download/3.4/glfw-3.4.zip
cd glfw-3.4
mkdir build cd build
sudo apt-get install libxrandr-dev
sudo apt-get install libxinerama-dev
sudo apt-get install libxcursor-dev
sudo apt-get install libxi-dev
cmake .. -DGLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND:BOOLOFF
make -j4
sudo make install通过wget下载glfw源码。 通过cmake编译glfw代码。 通过make install安装glfw库文件。
3、测试glfw
3.1 测试1glfwglew
要在 Linux 系统上配置 OpenGL 开发环境并使用 GLFW 和 GLEW你可以按照以下步骤操作。 使用 GLEW 加载所有 OpenGL 函数指针。通过cmake构建测试工程。
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.1)project(my_project)find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
find_package(GLEW REQUIRED)
find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)add_executable(main main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(main OpenGL::GL GLEW::GLEW glfw)main.cpp
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.hint main(void)
{GLFWwindow* window;/* Initialize the library */if (!glfwInit())return -1;/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */window glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, Hello World, yxy, NULL, NULL);if (!window){glfwTerminate();return -1;}/* Make the windows context current */glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);if(glewInit() ! GLEW_OK){std::cerr Failed to initalize GLEW std::endl;return -1;}/* Loop until the user closes the window */while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){/* Render here */glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glClearColor(0, 1, 0, 1);/* Swap front and back buffers */glfwSwapBuffers(window);/* Poll for and process events */glfwPollEvents();}glfwTerminate();return 0;
}编译如下
3.2 测试2glfwglad
GLAD 是一个用于加载 OpenGL 函数指针的库它简化了 OpenGL 函数的调用。你可以从 GLAD 的官方网站下载并生成适合你需求的 GLAD 配置。通常你需要指定 OpenGL 的版本和配置文件类型通常是核心模式。生成后将包含的头文件和源文件添加到你的项目中。
在你的项目中你需要包含 GLAD 和 GLFW 的头文件并链接到相应的库。如果你使用 CMake你可能需要在你的 CMakeLists.txt 文件中添加相应的链接指令。
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.1)project(my_project)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES glad.c main.cpp)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SOURCE_FILES})target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} glfw)main.cpp
#include iostream
#include glad/glad.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.hvoid framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);int main() {// Intialize GLFWglfwInit();// Configure GLFW (v3.3)glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);// Create a window objectGLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, LearnOpenGL, yxy, NULL, NULL);if (window NULL) {std::cout Failed to create GLFW window std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}// Make our window the main context on the current threadglfwMakeContextCurrent(window);// Initialize GLADif (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {std::cout Failed to initialize GLAD std::endl;return -1;}// Set size of the rendering window (dimensions)glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);// Register a callback function on the window that gets called// each time the window is resizedglfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);// Render loop that keeps on running until we tell GLFW to stopwhile(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {// Check input close window if it is the escape keyprocessInput(window);// Rendering commands here// Set a color to clear the screen with (state-setting function)glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);// Clear the screen with the color (state-using function)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// Swap the color buffer and show output to the screenglfwSwapBuffers(window);// Check if any events are triggeredglfwPollEvents();}// Clean/delete all GLFWs resourcesglfwTerminate();return 0;
}void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {// Update width and heightglViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}void processInput(GLFWwindow *window) {// Check whether the user has pressed the escape key and close GLFWif (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) GLFW_PRESS)glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}
编译如下
3.3 测试3
CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.1)project(my_project)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)find_package(glfw3 REQUIRED)file(GLOB SOURCE_FILES glad.c main.cpp)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SOURCE_FILES})target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} glfw)main.cpp
#include glad/glad.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h#include iostreamvoid framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT 600;// 顶点着色器GLSL语言
const char *vertexShaderSource #version 330 core\nlayout (location 0) in vec3 aPos;\nvoid main()\n{\n gl_Position vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n}\0;
// 片元着色器
const char *fragmentShaderSource #version 330 core\nout vec4 FragColor;\nvoid main()\n{\n FragColor vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n}\n\0;int main()
{// glfw: initialize and configureglfwInit();glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif// glfw window creationGLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, LearnOpenGL, yxy, NULL, NULL);if (window NULL){std::cout Failed to create GLFW window std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);// glad: load all OpenGL function pointersif (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){std::cout Failed to initialize GLAD std::endl;return -1;}// build and compile our shader program// ------------------------------------// vertex shaderint vertexShader glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, vertexShaderSource, NULL);glCompileShader(vertexShader);// check for shader compile errorsint success;char infoLog[512];glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, success);if (!success){glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);std::cout ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n infoLog std::endl;}// fragment shaderint fragmentShader glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, fragmentShaderSource, NULL);glCompileShader(fragmentShader);// check for shader compile errorsglGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, success);if (!success){glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);std::cout ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n infoLog std::endl;}// link shadersint shaderProgram glCreateProgram();glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);// check for linking errorsglGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, success);if (!success) {glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);std::cout ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n infoLog std::endl;}glDeleteShader(vertexShader);glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);float vertices[] {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // left0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, // right0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f // top};unsigned int VBO, VAO;//创建VAO对象glGenVertexArrays(1, VAO);glBindVertexArray(VAO);//创建VBO对象把顶点数组复制到一个顶点缓冲中供OpenGL使用glGenBuffers(1, VBO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO); // 缓冲绑定到GL_ARRAY_BUFFERglBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // 顶点数据复制到缓冲的内存中//解释顶点数据方式glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0); // 顶点数据的解释glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);// 解绑VAOglBindVertexArray(0);// 解绑VBOglBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);// render loop// -----------while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){// input// -----processInput(window);// render// ------glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// draw our first triangleglUseProgram(shaderProgram);glBindVertexArray(VAO);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}// optional: de-allocate all resourcesglDeleteVertexArrays(1, VAO);glDeleteBuffers(1, VBO);glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);glfwTerminate();return 0;
}//键盘按键回调函数
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) GLFW_PRESS)glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}//调整窗口大小回调函数
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
} 结语
如果您觉得该方法或代码有一点点用处可以给作者点个赞或打赏杯咖啡╮(▽)╭ 如果您感觉方法或代码不咋地//(ㄒoㄒ)//就在评论处留言作者继续改进o_O??? 如果您需要相关功能的代码定制化开发可以留言私信作者(✿◡‿◡) 感谢各位大佬童鞋们的支持( ´ ▽´ ) ( ´ ▽´)っ
