外链推广网站,网站顶部广告图片,北京最新发布会直播,河间网站建设Kubernetes 集群部署 Prometheus 和 Grafana node-exporter 安装Prometheus 安装和配置Prometheus 配置热加载Grafana 安装部署Grafana 配置 实验环境 控制节点/master01 192.168.110.10 工作节点/node01 192.168.110.20 工作节点/node02 192.168.110.30 node-exporter 安装
#… Kubernetes 集群部署 Prometheus 和 Grafana node-exporter 安装Prometheus 安装和配置Prometheus 配置热加载Grafana 安装部署Grafana 配置 实验环境 控制节点/master01 192.168.110.10 工作节点/node01 192.168.110.20 工作节点/node02 192.168.110.30 node-exporter 安装
#创建监控 namespace
kubectl create ns monitor-sa#部署 node-exporter
mkdir /opt/prometheus
cd /opt/prometheus/vim node-export.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet #可以保证 k8s 集群的每个节点都运行完全一样的 pod
metadata:name: node-exporternamespace: monitor-salabels:name: node-exporter
spec:selector:matchLabels:name: node-exportertemplate:metadata:labels:name: node-exporterspec:hostPID: truehostIPC: truehostNetwork: truecontainers:- name: node-exporterimage: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0ports:- containerPort: 9100resources:requests:cpu: 0.15 #这个容器运行至少需要0.15核cpusecurityContext:privileged: true #开启特权模式args:- --path.procfs- /host/proc- --path.sysfs- /host/sys- --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points- ^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)volumeMounts:- name: devmountPath: /host/dev- name: procmountPath: /host/proc- name: sysmountPath: /host/sys- name: rootfsmountPath: /rootfstolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/masteroperator: Existseffect: NoSchedulevolumes:- name: prochostPath:path: /proc- name: devhostPath:path: /dev- name: syshostPath:path: /sys- name: rootfshostPath:path: /kubectl apply -f node-export.yamlkubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide[rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
node-exporter-4mjm8 1/1 Running 5 3m40s 192.168.110.30 192.168.110.30 none none
node-exporter-kzbpv 1/1 Running 5 3m40s 192.168.110.20 192.168.110.20 none none通过 node-exporter 采集数据 node-exporter 默认的监听端口是 9100可以执行 curl http://主机ip:9100/metrics 获取到主机的所有监控数据
curl -Ls http://192.168.110.20:9100/metrics | grep node_cpu_seconds
curl -Ls http://192.168.110.20:9100/metrics | grep node_load[rootnode02 ~]# curl -Ls http://192.168.110.20:9100/metrics | grep node_cpu_seconds
# HELP node_cpu_seconds_total Seconds the cpus spent in each mode.
# TYPE node_cpu_seconds_total counter
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu0,modeidle} 67314.31
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu0,modeiowait} 5.25
... ...
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu3,modesystem} 768.89
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu3,modeuser} 143.63
[rootnode02 ~]# curl -Ls http://192.168.110.20:9100/metrics | grep node_load
# HELP node_load1 1m load average.
# TYPE node_load1 gauge
node_load1 0.41
# HELP node_load15 15m load average.
# TYPE node_load15 gauge
node_load15 0.75
# HELP node_load5 5m load average.
# TYPE node_load5 gauge
node_load5 0.62
Prometheus 安装和配置
创建 sa 账号对 sa 做 rbac 授权
#创建一个 sa 账号 monitor
kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor-sa
#把 sa 账号 monitor 通过 clusterrolebing 绑定到 clusterrole 上
kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor-sa --clusterrolecluster-admin --serviceaccountmonitor-sa:monitor
创建一个 configmap 存储卷用来存放 prometheus 配置信息
vim prometheus-cfg.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:app: prometheusname: prometheus-confignamespace: monitor-sa
data:prometheus.yml: |global: #指定prometheus的全局配置比如采集间隔抓取超时时间等scrape_interval: 15s #采集目标主机监控数据的时间间隔默认为1mscrape_timeout: 10s #数据采集超时时间默认10sevaluation_interval: 1m #触发告警生成alert的时间间隔默认是1mscrape_configs: #配置数据源称为target每个target用job_name命名。又分为静态配置和服务发现- job_name: kubernetes-nodekubernetes_sd_configs: # *_sd_configs 指定的是k8s的服务发现- role: node #使用node角色它使用默认的kubelet提供的http端口来发现集群中每个node节点relabel_configs: #重新标记- source_labels: [__address__] #配置的原始标签匹配地址regex: (.*):10250 #匹配带有10250端口的urlreplacement: ${1}:9100 #把匹配到的ip:10250的ip保留target_label: __address__ #新生成的url是${1}获取到的ip:9100action: replace #动作替换- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.) #匹配到下面正则表达式的标签会被保留,如果不做regex正则的话默认只是会显示instance标签- job_name: kubernetes-node-cadvisor #抓取cAdvisor数据是获取kubelet上/metrics/cadvisor接口数据来获取容器的资源使用情况kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: nodescheme: httpstls_config:ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crtbearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/tokenrelabel_configs:- action: labelmap #把匹配到的标签保留regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.) #保留匹配到的具有__meta_kubernetes_node_label的标签- target_label: __address__ #获取到的地址__address__192.168.80.20:10250replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443 #把获取到的地址替换成新的地址kubernetes.default.svc:443- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]regex: (.) #把原始标签中__meta_kubernetes_node_name值匹配到target_label: __metrics_path__ #获取__metrics_path__对应的值replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor #把metrics替换成新的值api/v1/nodes/node_name/proxy/metrics/cadvisor#${1}是__meta_kubernetes_node_name获取到的值#最后通过https://apiserver_address/api/v1/nodes/node_name/proxy/metrics/cadvisor来获取对应节点cadvisor监控数据- job_name: kubernetes-apiserverkubernetes_sd_configs:- role: endpoints #使用k8s中的endpoint服务发现采集apiserver 6443端口获取到的数据scheme: httpstls_config:ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crtbearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/tokenrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name] #[endpoint这个对象的名称空间,endpoint对象的服务名,exnpoint的端口名称]action: keep #采集满足条件的实例其他实例不采集regex: default;kubernetes;https #正则匹配到的默认空间下的service名字是kubernetes协议是https的endpoint类型保留下来- job_name: kubernetes-service-endpointskubernetes_sd_configs:- role: endpointsrelabel_configs:- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]action: keepregex: true#重新打标仅抓取到的具有prometheus.io/scrape: true的annotation的端点 意思是说如果某个service具有prometheus.io/scrape true的annotation声明则抓取annotation本身也是键值结构 所以这里的源标签设置为键而regex设置值true当值匹配到regex设定的内容时则执行keep动作也就是保留其余则丢弃。- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]action: replacetarget_label: __scheme__regex: (https?)#重新设置scheme匹配源标签__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme也就是prometheus.io/scheme annotation如果源标签的值匹配到regex则把值替换为__scheme__对应的值。- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]action: replacetarget_label: __metrics_path__regex: (.)#应用中自定义暴露的指标也许你暴露的API接口不是/metrics这个路径那么你可以在这个POD对应的service中做一个 prometheus.io/path /mymetrics 声明上面的意思就是把你声明的这个路径赋值给__metrics_path__ 其实就是让prometheus来获取自定义应用暴露的metrices的具体路径 不过这里写的要和service中做好约定如果service中这样写 prometheus.io/app-metrics-path: /metrics 那么你这里就要__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_app_metrics_path这样写。- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]action: replacetarget_label: __address__regex: ([^:])(?::\d)?;(\d)replacement: $1:$2#暴露自定义的应用的端口就是把地址和你在service中定义的 prometheus.io/port port 声明做一个拼接 然后赋值给__address__这样prometheus就能获取自定义应用的端口然后通过这个端口再结合__metrics_path__来获取指标如果__metrics_path__值不是默认的/metrics那么就要使用上面的标签替换来获取真正暴露的具体路径。- action: labelmap #保留下面匹配到的标签regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.)- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]action: replace #替换__meta_kubernetes_namespace变成kubernetes_namespacetarget_label: kubernetes_namespace- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]action: replacetarget_label: kubernetes_namekubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
通过 deployment 部署 prometheus
#将 prometheus 调度到 node1 节点在 node1 节点创建 prometheus 数据存储目录
mkdir /data chmod 777 /data#通过 deployment 部署 prometheus
vim prometheus-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: prometheus-servernamespace: monitor-salabels:app: prometheus
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: prometheuscomponent: server#matchExpressions:#- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}#- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}template:metadata:labels:app: prometheuscomponent: serverannotations:prometheus.io/scrape: falsespec:nodeName: 192.168.110.20 #指定pod调度到哪个节点上 serviceAccountName: monitorcontainers:- name: prometheusimage: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentcommand:- prometheus- --config.file/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml- --storage.tsdb.path/prometheus #数据存储目录- --storage.tsdb.retention720h #数据保存时长- --web.enable-lifecycle #开启热加载ports:- containerPort: 9090protocol: TCPvolumeMounts:- mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.ymlname: prometheus-configsubPath: prometheus.yml- mountPath: /prometheus/name: prometheus-storage-volumevolumes:- name: prometheus-configconfigMap:name: prometheus-configitems:- key: prometheus.ymlpath: prometheus.ymlmode: 0644- name: prometheus-storage-volumehostPath:path: /datatype: Directorykubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yamlkubectl get pods -o wide -n monitor-sa [rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n monitor-sa
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
node-exporter-4mjm8 1/1 Running 5 15m 192.168.110.30 192.168.110.30 none none
node-exporter-kzbpv 1/1 Running 5 15m 192.168.110.20 192.168.110.20 none none
prometheus-server-75fb7f8fc6-9rrl7 0/1 Pending 0 49s none node01 none none
给 prometheus pod 创建一个 service
vim prometheus-svc.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:name: prometheusnamespace: monitor-salabels:app: prometheus
spec:type: NodePortports:- port: 9090targetPort: 9090protocol: TCPnodePort: 31000selector:app: prometheuscomponent: serverkubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yamlkubectl get pods -o wide -n monitor-sa
kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa[rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n monitor-sa
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
node-exporter-7lfl8 1/1 Running 9 2d12h 192.168.110.20 192.168.110.20 none none
node-exporter-hnpm2 1/1 Running 0 2d12h 192.168.110.30 192.168.110.30 none none
prometheus-server-84b77ffcf8-mj5rp 1/1 Running 0 5m22s 10.244.60.102 192.168.110.20 none none
[rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get svc -n monitor-sa
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
prometheus NodePort 10.0.0.113 none 9090:31000/TCP 5d5h如发现镜像拉取失败导致无法建立 pod 检查docker 版本要使用19.xx.x-22.xx.x 版
通过上面可以看到 service 在 node 节点上映射的端口是 31000这样我们访问 k8s 集群的 node 节点的 ip:31000就可以访问到 prometheus 的 web ui 界面了。 浏览器访问 http://192.168.110.20:31000 点击页面的Status-Targets如看到所有 Target 状态都为 UP说明我们配置的服务发现可以正常采集数据
查询 K8S 集群中一分钟之内每个 Pod 的 CPU 使用率 sum by (name)( rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{image!“”, name!“”}[1m] ) )
Prometheus 配置热加载
为了每次修改配置文件可以热加载prometheus也就是不停止prometheus就可以使配置生效。想要使配置生效可用如下热加载命令
kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide -l appprometheus[rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide -l appprometheus
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
prometheus-server-84b77ffcf8-mj5rp 1/1 Running 0 13m 10.244.60.102 192.168.110.20 none none想要使配置生效可用如下命令热加载
curl -X POST -Ls http://10.244.60.102:9090/-/reload 查看 log
kubectl logs -n monitor-sa prometheus-server-84b77ffcf8-mj5rp | grep Loading configuration file [rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl logs -n monitor-sa prometheus-server-84b77ffcf8-mj5rp | grep Loading configuration file
levelinfo ts2025-02-19T14:18:55.772194011Z callermain.go:588 msgLoading configuration file filename/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml一般热加载速度比较慢可以暴力重启prometheus如修改上面的 prometheus-cfg.yaml 文件之后可用如下命令 可执行先强制删除然后再通过 apply 更新
kubectl delete -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yamlGrafana 安装
部署
vim grafana.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: monitoring-grafananamespace: kube-system
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:task: monitoringk8s-app: grafanatemplate:metadata:labels:task: monitoringk8s-app: grafanaspec:containers:- name: grafanaimage: grafana/grafana:5.0.4ports:- containerPort: 3000protocol: TCPvolumeMounts:- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certsname: ca-certificatesreadOnly: true- mountPath: /varname: grafana-storageenv:- name: INFLUXDB_HOSTvalue: monitoring-influxdb- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORTvalue: 3000# The following env variables are required to make Grafana accessible via# the kubernetes api-server proxy. On production clusters, we recommend# removing these env variables, setup auth for grafana, and expose the grafana# service using a LoadBalancer or a public IP.- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLEDvalue: false- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLEDvalue: true- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLEvalue: Admin- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL# If youre only using the API Server proxy, set this value instead:# value: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxyvalue: /volumes:- name: ca-certificateshostPath:path: /etc/ssl/certs- name: grafana-storageemptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:# For use as a Cluster add-on (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons)# If you are NOT using this as an addon, you should comment out this line.kubernetes.io/cluster-service: truekubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafananame: monitoring-grafananamespace: kube-system
spec:# In a production setup, we recommend accessing Grafana through an external Loadbalancer# or through a public IP.# type: LoadBalancer# You could also use NodePort to expose the service at a randomly-generated port# type: NodePortports:- port: 80targetPort: 3000selector:k8s-app: grafanatype: NodePortkubectl apply -f grafana.yamlkubectl get pods -n kube-system -l taskmonitoring -o wide
kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep grafana [rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l taskmonitoring -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
monitoring-grafana-fd8554c5c-nffvn 1/1 Running 0 3m6s 10.244.60.107 192.168.110.20 none none
[rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep grafana monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.0.0.231 none 80:35196/TCP 3m12sGrafana 配置
浏览器访问http://192.168.110.20:35196 登陆 grafana
开始配置 grafana 的 web 界面选择 Add data source 【Name】设置成 Prometheus 【Type】选择 Prometheus 【URL】设置成 http://prometheus.monitor-sa.svc:9090 #使用service的集群内部端口配置服务端地址 点击 【Save Test】
导入监控模板 官方链接搜索https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSourceprometheussearchkubernetes
监控 node 状态 点击左侧号选择【Import】 点击【Upload .json File】导入 node_exporter.json 模板 【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus 点击【Import】
监控 容器 状态 点击左侧号选择【Import】 点击【Upload Upload .json File】导入 docker 模板 【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus 点击【Import】
k8s 部署 kube-state-metrics 组件 1安装 kube-state-metrics 组件
#创建 sa并对 sa 授权
vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: kube-state-metricsnamespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: []resources: [nodes, pods, services, resourcequotas, replicationcontrollers, limitranges, persistentvolumeclaims, persistentvolumes, namespaces, endpoints]verbs: [list, watch]
- apiGroups: [extensions]resources: [daemonsets, deployments, replicasets]verbs: [list, watch]
- apiGroups: [apps]resources: [statefulsets]verbs: [list, watch]
- apiGroups: [batch]resources: [cronjobs, jobs]verbs: [list, watch]
- apiGroups: [autoscaling]resources: [horizontalpodautoscalers]verbs: [list, watch]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: kube-state-metricsnamespace: kube-systemkubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml#安装 kube-state-metrics 组件和 service
vim kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: kube-state-metricsnamespace: kube-system
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: kube-state-metricstemplate:metadata:labels:app: kube-state-metricsspec:serviceAccountName: kube-state-metricscontainers:- name: kube-state-metricsimage: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0ports:- containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:annotations:prometheus.io/scrape: truename: kube-state-metricsnamespace: kube-systemlabels:app: kube-state-metrics
spec:ports:- name: kube-state-metricsport: 8080protocol: TCPselector:app: kube-state-metricskubectl apply -f kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml
kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -l appkube-state-metrics[rootmaster01 prometheus]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system -l appkube-state-metrics
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/kube-state-metrics-58d4957bc5-2vx5j 1/1 Running 0 9sNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kube-state-metrics ClusterIP 10.0.0.41 none 8080/TCP 9s
2Grafana 配置 #监控 k8s 群集状态 点击左侧号选择【Import】 点击【Upload .json File】导入 kubernetes-cluster-prometheus_rev4.json 模板 【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus 点击【Import】
监控 k8s 群集性能状态 点击左侧号选择【Import】 点击【Upload .json File】导入 kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus_rev3.json 模板 【Prometheus】选择 Prometheus 点击【Import】
