石家庄网站小程序,dede 网站源码,报告的英文,售电公司注册条件及要求Linux软件安装#xff0c;常见的有三种方式#xff0c;rpm方式、yum方式、源码编译安装方式。其中rpm方式可能存在依赖方式#xff0c;可能会比较麻烦#xff1b;源码编译安装同样可能会缺少一些编译需要的软件需要安装#xff0c;也会比较麻烦#xff1b;相对比较好的方… Linux软件安装常见的有三种方式rpm方式、yum方式、源码编译安装方式。其中rpm方式可能存在依赖方式可能会比较麻烦源码编译安装同样可能会缺少一些编译需要的软件需要安装也会比较麻烦相对比较好的方式是yum方式只要源仓库软件包齐全安装时缺少的依赖会自动进行安装简单方便。推荐使用yum方式。
注除以上三种方式外也有其他的一些安装方式比如有一些应用软件解压安装包后里面可能有install的shell脚本或者python脚本执行这些脚本进行安装。
1.rpm方式安装
1.1.rpm软件包下载上传
1.双击iso文件使用DVD驱动器加载iso文件Packages目录下找httpd的软件包。
注也可以去网络上找对应Linux系统版本的rpm包 2.左上角的搜索框填写httpd-搜索找到httpd-后紧接版本号的文件鼠标选中推出到本地。 3.通过SFTP协议工具(如Xftp)上传httpd软件包上传到Downloads目录。
[rootlocalhost ~]# cd Downloads/
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# ll
total 2780
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2844028 Dec 24 16:18 httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# 1.2.rpm方式安装软件包
1.rpm方式安装软件包可能会出现如下情况错误信息提示Failed dependencies(错误的依赖)代表安装httpd需要提前安装httpd-tools、libapr-1.so.0相关的软件包、libaprutil-1.so.0相关软件包。
注这里需要注意httpd-tools是明确直到缺少什么软件包可以去镜像或者网络上下载但是下面两个提示有一些是无法确认具体缺什么只能找apr相关的软件包安装后再安装httpd服务软件包的查找、下载、上传、安装、确认等步骤都很麻烦。像这类软件依赖多的情况建议使用yum方式安装。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:/etc/mime.types is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64httpd-tools 2.4.6-88.el7.centos is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) is needed by httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64
2.部分简单的软件是可以直接使用rpm方式安装的如free软件包上传free软件包直接使用rpm -ivh 软件包文件的名称即可安装提示already installed即安装完成。
rpm -ivh中i代表install(安装)v代表verbose(详细信息)h代表hash(打印散列标记)
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# ll
total 2828
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2844028 Dec 24 16:18 httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 47508 Dec 24 16:39 tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -ivh tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 is already installed
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -qa | grep tree
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64
[rootlocalhost Downloads]#
2.yum方式安装
2.1.yum源配置
yum详细的配置步骤见Linux(Centos 7.6)yum源配置
2.2.yum源方式安装软件包
yum方式安装直接执行yum install 软件包名称(不是文件名称不带版本号)安装过程可以看到具体还需要安装哪些依赖的软件包(依赖软件包包括apr、apr-util、httpd-tools、mailcap)最后看到Complete!提示即安装完成。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# yum install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
-- Running transaction check
--- Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be installed
-- Processing Dependency: httpd-tools 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
-- Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
-- Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
-- Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
-- Running transaction check
--- Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 will be installed
--- Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 will be installed
--- Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be installed
--- Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
-- Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies ResolvedPackage Arch Version Repository SizeInstalling:httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 kapr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 updates 92 khttpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 94 kmailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 kTransaction SummaryInstall 1 Package (4 Dependent packages)Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 10 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:04
(2/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:04
(3/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm | 94 kB 00:00:00
(4/5): httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:06
(5/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:04
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 311 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:09
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionInstalling : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 2/5 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 3/5 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/5 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64 5/5 Installed:httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 Dependency Installed:apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7_9.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 Complete!
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
3.源码编译安装
3.1.httpd软件卸载
注以下卸载方法谨慎卸载ssh相关的软件包卸载ssh相关的软件包可能导致远程ssh不能访问然后必须去机房服务器上去恢复ssh服务(很麻烦)。
1.httpd软件包卸载可以使用rpm -e 软件包名称-e代表erase(擦除软件)。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -e httpd
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
[rootlocalhost Downloads]#
2.httpd软件包卸载也可以使用yum remove 软件包名称。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# yum remove httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
-- Running transaction check
--- Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 will be erased
-- Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies ResolvedPackage Arch Version Repository SizeRemoving:httpd x86_64 2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 updates 9.4 MTransaction SummaryRemove 1 PackageInstalled size: 9.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionErasing : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64 1/1 Removed:httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1 Complete!
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
httpd-tools-2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1.x86_64
[rootlocalhost Downloads]#
3.2.httpd源码下载
1.下载地址Index of /httpd双击软件包名称进行下载。 2.如果linux(Centos 7.6)可以连接外网可以直接使用wget进行下载。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz
--2024-12-24 16:52:14-- https://dlcdn.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz
Resolving dlcdn.apache.org (dlcdn.apache.org)... 151.101.2.132, 2a04:4e42::644
Connecting to dlcdn.apache.org (dlcdn.apache.org)|151.101.2.132|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9872432 (9.4M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz’100%[] 9,872,432 971KB/s in 11s 2024-12-24 16:52:30 (898 KB/s) - ‘httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz’ saved [9872432/9872432][rootlocalhost Downloads]# ll httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9872432 Jul 18 01:48 httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz
3.3.httpd源码安装
3.3.1.解压安装包
tar.gz后缀的压缩包代表gzip压缩格式的压缩包解压命令为targzip压缩方式对应解压参数是zx代表解压v代表详细信息f后跟压缩文件。解压后可以看到httpd-2.4.62的目录。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz
httpd-2.4.62/
httpd-2.4.62/acinclude.m4
httpd-2.4.62/README.cmake
httpd-2.4.62/INSTALL
httpd-2.4.62/CMakeLists.txt
httpd-2.4.62/LICENSE
... ...
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# ll
total 12476
drwxr-xr-x. 13 501 games 4096 Jul 15 20:12 httpd-2.4.62
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9872432 Jul 18 01:48 httpd-2.4.62.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2844028 Dec 24 16:18 httpd-2.4.6-88.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 47508 Dec 24 16:39 tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[rootlocalhost Downloads]#
3.3.2.源码安装
3.3.2.1.安装说明
进入解压目录查看INSTALL文件即可了解如何进行软件的编译、安装、启动服务。
./configure --prefixPREFIX是配置检查执行该脚本主要是检查环境是否符合要求也可以定义一些功能如--prefixPREFIX部分可以写为--prefix/usr/local/httpd以此定义httpd服务安装在/usr/lical/httpd目录。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# cd httpd-2.4.62/
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# cat INSTALL APACHE INSTALLATION OVERVIEWQuick Start - Unix------------------For complete installation documentation, see [ht]docs/manual/install.html orhttp://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html$ ./configure --prefixPREFIX$ make$ make install$ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
... ...
3.3.2.2.源码编译安装前检查
1.创建安装目录执行编译安装前检查命令。
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# mkdir /usr/local/httpd
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# ./configure --prefix/usr/local/httpd
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# rpm -qa | grep apr
apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7_9.1.x86_64
apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64
2.检查报错提示APR没发现但是apr相关的已经安装处理方式是下载apr源码文件到httpd源码目录。
下载地址Download - The Apache Portable Runtime Project网站内查看鼠标右键查看下载链接然后wget下载或者下载后上传Linux服务器。 [rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# cd ..
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org//apr/apr-1.7.5.tar.gz
--2024-12-24 17:34:46-- https://dlcdn.apache.org//apr/apr-1.7.5.tar.gz
Resolving dlcdn.apache.org (dlcdn.apache.org)... 151.101.2.132, 2a04:4e42::644
Connecting to dlcdn.apache.org (dlcdn.apache.org)|151.101.2.132|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1131871 (1.1M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apr-1.7.5.tar.gz’100%[] 1,131,871 725KB/s in 1.5s 2024-12-24 17:34:53 (725 KB/s) - ‘apr-1.7.5.tar.gz’ saved [1131871/1131871][rootlocalhost Downloads]# wget https://dlcdn.apache.org//apr/apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
--2024-12-24 17:35:02-- https://dlcdn.apache.org//apr/apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
Resolving dlcdn.apache.org (dlcdn.apache.org)... 151.101.2.132, 2a04:4e42::644
Connecting to dlcdn.apache.org (dlcdn.apache.org)|151.101.2.132|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 556623 (544K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz’100%[] 556,623 224KB/s in 2.4s 2024-12-24 17:35:10 (224 KB/s) - ‘apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz’ saved [556623/556623][rootlocalhost Downloads]#
解压安装包修改解压后的目录名称(去掉版本号信息)最后移动到http源码的srclib目录下。
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# tar -zxf apr-1.7.5.tar.gz
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# tar -zxf apr-util-1.6.3.tar.gz
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# mv apr-1.7.5 apr
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# mv apr-util-1.6.3 apr-util
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# mv apr httpd-2.4.62/srclib/
[rootlocalhost Downloads]# mv apr-util httpd-2.4.62/srclib/
3.再次源码编译安装前检查。提示缺少pcre查看有pcre还需要pcre-develyum安装pcre-devel。
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# ./configure --prefix/usr/local/httpd --with-include-apr
... ...
configure: error: pcre(2)-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# rpm -qa | grep pcre
pcre2-utf16-10.23-2.el7.x86_64
pcre2-10.23-2.el7.x86_64
pcre-8.32-17.el7.x86_64
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# yum install pcre-devel
... ...
Installed:pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7 Complete!
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
4.再次源码编译安装前检查最后信息如下没有报错信息表示成功。
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# ./configure --prefix/usr/local/httpd --with-include-apr
... ...
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:Server Version: 2.4.62Install prefix: /usr/local/httpdC compiler: gcc -stdgnu11CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE LDFLAGS: LIBS: C preprocessor: gcc -stdgnu11 -E[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
3.3.2.3.make编译
1.httpd-2.4.62目录下执行make进行编译。
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# make
... ...
xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: fatal error: expat.h: No such file or directory#include expat.h^
compilation terminated.
make[3]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/srclib/apr-util
make[2]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/srclib/apr-util
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/srclib
make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
2.提示在 #include expat.h右下角的箭头检查发现有expat还需要expat-devel使用yum安装。
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# rpm -qa | grep expat
expat-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# yum install expat-devel
... ...
Installed:expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-15.el7_9 Dependency Updated:expat.x86_64 0:2.1.0-15.el7_9 Complete!
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
3.再次执行make编译执行最后信息如下没有报错信息则表示成功。
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# make
... ...
/root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/srclib/apr/libtool --silent --modelink gcc -stdgnu11 -g -O2 -pthread -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
make[4]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/modules/mappers
make[3]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/modules/mappers
make[2]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/modules
make[2]: Entering directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/support
make[2]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62/supportmake[1]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
3.3.2.4.make install编译安装
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# make install
... ...
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory /root/Downloads/httpd-2.4.62
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
3.3.3.服务和验证
1.服务启动
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the servers fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the ServerName directive globally to suppress this message
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# hostnamectl set-hostname node2
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]#
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the servers fully qualified domain name, using fe80::6d79:37d0:2840:d17f%ens33. Set the ServerName directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 119463) already running
[rootlocalhost httpd-2.4.62]# 2.服务启动验证网页访问IP地址信息如下 如果无法访问检查防火墙是否关闭关闭命令systemctl stop firewalld.service。
