网站定制开发内容,代理品牌,网站为什么功能需求,手机营销网站建设一、实验目的
掌握接口 IPv4 地址的配置方法理解 LoopBack 接口的作用与含义理解直连路由的产生原则掌握静态路由的配置方法并理解其生效的条件掌握通过 PING 工具测试网络层连通性掌握并理解特殊静态路由的配置方法与应用场景
二、实验环境
安装有eNSP模拟器的PC一台#…一、实验目的
掌握接口 IPv4 地址的配置方法理解 LoopBack 接口的作用与含义理解直连路由的产生原则掌握静态路由的配置方法并理解其生效的条件掌握通过 PING 工具测试网络层连通性掌握并理解特殊静态路由的配置方法与应用场景
二、实验环境
安装有eNSP模拟器的PC一台要求PC能联网。
三、实验拓扑
实验拓扑如下图所示其中路由器均采用AR2220并请注意设备间的连接接口。切忌使用Router否则本实验无法成功完成。 AR1、AR2、AR3都是各自网络的网关设备现在需要通过相应的配置来实现这些网络之间的互联互通。
四、实验过程
4.1 设备基础配置
设备命名是设备的最基本配置以下以AR1为例AR2和AR3可类似操作。
# 进入系统视图输入前3-4个字符按Tab键可补全命令下同
Huaweisystem-view # 将设备命名为AR1
[Huawei]sysname AR1# 关闭信息中心避免大量日志信息干扰操作
[AR1]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
4.2 查看IP地址配置与路由表
以下以AR1为例AR2和AR3可类似操作。
1查看路由器上的接口状态仅以 R1为例
[AR1]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 1
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned up down
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned up down
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
【说明】display ip interface brief命令用来查看接口与 IP 相关的简要信息包括 IP 地址、子网掩码、物理状态和协议状态以及处于不同状态的接口数目等。当前 AR1 上的 GE0/0/0和 GE0/0/2 接口由于尚未配置 IP地址所以 IP Address/Mask 字段为unassigned状态Protocol字段为 down 状态Physical 字段为 up状态。
2查看路由器上的路由表情况仅以 R1为例
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 4 Routes : 4 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
InLoopBack0 为设备上默认创建的环回接口它是一个特殊的、固定的 LoopBack 接口。 InLoopBack0 接口使用环回地址 127.0.0.1/8用来接收所有发送给本机的数据包。该接口上的 IP 地址是不可以改变的也不通过路由协议对外发布。
4.3 配置路由物理接口的IP地址
按照下表配置路由器的物理接口的 IP 地址。
表1 设备物理接口IP 路由器接口IP地址/网络前缀长度AR1GE 0/0/010.0.12.1/24GE 0/0/210.0.13.1/24AR2GE 0/0/010.0.12.2/24GE 0/0/110.0.13.2/24AR3GE 0/0/110.0.23.3/24GE 0/0/210.0.13.3/24
1为AR1物理接口配置IP地址
# 进入系统视图
AR1system-view# 进入GE0/0/0的接口视图
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0# 为GE0/0/0指定IP地址和网络前缀长度
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24# 退出接口视图
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit# 进入GE0/0/2的接口视图
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2# 为GE0/0/2接口指定IP地址和网络前缀长度
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.13.1 24# 直接返回到用户视图
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]return # 保存配置
AR1saveThe current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y # 按y保存It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated执行【display current-configuration 】命令参照表1核对配置信息是否正确。按空格键可以翻页。
AR1display current-configuration
……此处省略部分输出……priority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0
#
……此处省略部分输出……2为AR2物理接口配置IP地址
# 进入系统视图
AR2system-view# 进入GE0/0/0的接口视图
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0# 为GE0/0/0指定IP地址和网络前缀长度
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24# 退出接口视图
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit# 进入GE0/0/1的接口视图
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1# 为GE0/0/1接口指定IP地址和网络前缀长度
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.13.2 24# 直接返回到用户视图
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return # 保存配置
AR2saveThe current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y # 按y保存It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated同样的操作参照表1核对配置信息是否正确。 3为AR2物理接口配置IP地址
# 进入系统视图
AR3system-view# 进入GE0/0/0的接口视图
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1# 为GE0/0/1指定IP地址和网络前缀长度
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.23.3 24# 退出接口视图
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit# 进入GE0/0/2的接口视图
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2# 为GE0/0/2接口指定IP地址和网络前缀长度
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.13.3 24# 直接返回到用户视图
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]return # 保存配置
AR3saveThe current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y # 按y保存It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated同样的操作参照表1核对配置信息是否正确。
4.4 测试并查看路由表
1使用ping工具检测连通性
在AR1路由器上分别测试与AR2和AR3路由器连接接口地址的连通性。
[AR1]ping 10.0.12.2PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.12.2: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl255 time120 msReply from 10.0.12.2: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl255 time40 ms[AR1]ping 10.0.13.3PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.13.3: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl255 time80 msReply from 10.0.13.3: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl255 time20 ms同样的操作可以测试AR2、AR3路由器与其它路由器连接接口的连通性。
2查看路由表
在AR1路由器执行【display ip routing-table】查看路由表如下所示。
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0可以看到在接口IP 地址配置完成之后针对每个接口自动生成了三条直连路由。分别是:
指向接口所在网段的路由。指向接口 IP 地址的主机路由。指向接口所在网段广播地址的主机路由。
注主机路由就是掩码长度为 32 的路由。
同样的操作可以查看AR2和AR3的路由表。
4.5 创建并配置 LoopBack接口
LoopBack 接口属于设备上的逻辑接口逻辑接口是指能够实现数据交换功能但物理上不存在、需要通过配置建立的接口。
LoopBack接口创建后除非手工关闭该接口否则LoopBack接口物理层状态和链路层协议永远处于 UP状态。
一般情况下LoopBack 接口使用 32 位掩码。使用 LoopBack接口一般有如下目的:
作为一台路由器的管理地址起到标识一台设备的作用。使用该接口地址作为动态路由协议 OSPF 的 Router id。其他提高网络可靠性的用途。
本实验使用 LoopBack 接口模拟客户端。
按照下表配置各设备的 LoopBack 接口
表2 设备 LoopBack 接口IP 路由器接口IP 地趱/网络前缀长度AR1LoopBack010.0.1.1/32AR2LoopBack010.0.1.2/32AR3LoopBack010.0.1.3/32
1配置AR1的LoopBack接口
[AR1]interface LoopBack 0
[AR1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 32
[AR1-LoopBack0]quit
2配置AR2的LoopBack接口
[AR2]interface LoopBack 0
[AR2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.2 32
[AR2-LoopBack0]quit
3配置AR3的LoopBack接口
[AR3]interface LoopBack 0
[AR3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.3 32
[AR3-LoopBack0]quit 查看设备上的路由表以AR1为例。
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 11 Routes : 11 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
此时已经生成了相应的直连路由即10.0.1.1/32所在行。同样的操作可以查看其它路由器的路由表。
4测试各 LoopBack 接囗之间的连通性
以AR1为例测试与其它两个路由器的LoopBack0接口地址的连通性。
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.0.1 10.0.1.2PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outRequest time out[AR1]ping -a 10.0.0.1 10.0.1.3PING 10.0.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outRequest time out
注ping -a source-ip-address destination-ip-address命令用来指定发送 ICMP ECHO-REQUEST 报文的源 IP 地址及目的 IP地址。此时由于路由器上没有到达目的 IP的路由条目所以无法 PING 通。
4.6 配置静态路由
配置静态路由的命令格式如下
ip route-static 目标IP地址 网络前缀长度 网关IP地址
对于本实验而言目标IP地址就是各目标LoopBack0接口的IP地址网络前缀长度为32网关IP地址为目标物理接口的IP地址。
1在AR1上配置到达 AR2和 AR3的 LoopBack0 接口的路由条目。
# 添加到AR2的LoopBack 0的静态路由
[AR1]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.12.2# 添加到AR3的LoopBack 0的静态路由
[AR1]ip route-static 10.0.1.3 32 10.0.13.3
再次查看AR1路由器的路由表如下所示。
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
……此处省略后续输出……
可以看到目前已经有了到达AR2和AR3的LoopBack 0接口的静态路由Flags标志为RD。
再次测试与AR2和AR3的LoopBack 0接口的连通性。
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.0.1 10.0.1.2PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outRequest time out[AR1]ping -a 10.0.0.1 10.0.1.3PING 10.0.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outRequest time out
发现仍然ping不通原因是AR2、AR3到AR1的回程还没有配置静态路由。
2 在 AR2 上添加到达 AR1的 LoopBack0 的路由
# 配置到AR1的LoopBack 0 接口的静态路由
[AR2]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.12.1# 配置到AR3的LoopBack 0 接口的静态路由
[AR2]ip route-static 10.0.1.3 32 10.0.23.3# 查看路由表
[AR2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
……此处省略后续输出……
再次测试与AR2的LoopBack0接口的连通性。
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl255 time70 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl255 time30 ms
可见现在已可以ping通了。
3 在 AR3 上添加到达 AR1和AR3的 LoopBack0 的路由
# 配置到AR1的LoopBack0接口的静态路由
[AR3]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.13.1# 配置到AR2的LoopBack0接口的静态路由
[AR3]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.23.2# 查看路由表
[AR3]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.1.2/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
……此处省略其它输出……
此时可测试各设备到其它设备的LoopBack0接口的连通性可发现全部可以ping通。以AR2为例
[AR2]ping -a 10.0.1.2 10.0.1.1PING 10.0.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.1.1: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl255 time20 msReply from 10.0.1.1: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl255 time20 ms[AR2]ping -a 10.0.1.2 10.0.1.3PING 10.0.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.1.3: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl255 time30 msReply from 10.0.1.3: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl255 time30 ms
4.7 配置备份路径
可将 AR1-AR3-AR2配置成 AR1的LoopBack0 到AR2的LoopBack0接囗的备份路径具体操作如下
1配置 AR1 和 AR2 上的静态路由
# 配置AR1的LoopBack0到AR2的LoopBack0接口的备用静态路由
[AR1]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.13.3 preference 100
# 配置AR1的LoopBack0到AR2的LoopBack0接口的备用静态路由
[AR2]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.23.3 preference 100
2查看 AR1 和 AR2 上的路由表
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[AR2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/110.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.23.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.23.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/110.0.23.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/110.0.23.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0此时配置的 preference 为100 的静态路由没有被加载到路由表中。
3测试备用路由
关闭 AR1和 AR2 之间的链路对应的接口(GE0/0/0)使得优先级高的路由失效。
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0# 关闭接口
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
再次查看AR1和AR2的路由表可以看到preference 为100 的静态路由被激活。
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 100 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
……此处省略其它输出……
[AR2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Static 100 0 RD 10.0.23.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
……此处省略其它输出……
再次测试AR1的LoopBack0接口与AR2的LoopBack0接口之间的连通性可以看到仍可连通。
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl254 time30 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl254 time30 ms
利用tracert命令追踪数据包传输路径。
[AR1]tracert -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2traceroute to 10.0.1.2(10.0.1.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 1 10.0.13.3 40 ms 20 ms 20 ms 2 10.0.23.2 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms
tracert 命令主要用于查看数据包从源端到目的端的路径信息。可以看到数据包经过了 AR3 的 GE0/0/2再经过 R3 的 GE0/0/1 转发给 AR2的 GE0/0/1。
注部分实验环境下设备出于安全考虑不会回复ICMP 报文实验现象可能会有所偏差可以按 CtrlC 结束 tracert。
4.8 配置默认路由
1恢复接口并删除已经配置的路由条目
恢复激活AR1的GE 0/0/0接口并删除所有到达AR2的LoopBack0接口的路由条目。
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0# 激活接口
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit# 删除AR1的LoopBack0到AR2的LoopBack0接口的路由
[AR1]undo ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.12.2# 删除AR1的LoopBack0到AR2的LoopBack0接口的路由
[AR1]undo ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.13.3
2查看AR1的路由表
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 12 Routes : 12 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/210.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/2127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
可以看到此时AR1的路由表中已不存在到 AR2 的 LoopBack0(10.0.1.2/32)的路由条目。 AR1的LoopBack0接口到AR2的LoopBack0接口已不可ping通自行测试
3添加默认路由
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
……此处省略其它输出……
可以看到此时默认路由已经被激活。
4测试AR1的LoopBack0到AR2的LoopBack0接口的连通性
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes56 Sequence1 ttl255 time40 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes56 Sequence2 ttl255 time30 ms
可以看到此时AR1的LoopBack0到AR2的LoopBack0接口又可以ping通证明默认路由已生效。
利用tracert命令追踪数据包可以看到数据包没有经过AR3。
[AR1]tracert -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2traceroute to 10.0.1.2(10.0.1.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 1 10.0.12.2 30 ms 20 ms 20 ms
保存配置并查看配置内容。
1AR1
# 保存配置
AR1saveThe current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:yIt will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated# 查看当前配置
AR1display current-configuration
[V200R003C00]
#sysname AR1
#snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000snmp-agent
#clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#drop illegal-mac alarm
#undo info-center enable
#set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa authentication-scheme defaultauthorization-scheme defaultaccounting-scheme defaultdomain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#08bmE3Uw}%$%$local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Localpriority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2
ip route-static 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.255 10.0.13.3
#
user-interface con 0authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return
AR1 2AR2
# 保存配置
AR2saveThe current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:yIt will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated# 查看当前配置
AR2display current-configuration
[V200R003C00]
#sysname AR2
#snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000snmp-agent
#clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load flash:/portalpage.zip
#drop illegal-mac alarm
#undo info-center enable
#wlan ac-global carrier id other ac id 0
#set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa authentication-scheme defaultauthorization-scheme defaultaccounting-scheme defaultdomain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#08bmE3Uw}%$%$local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Localpriority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.255
#
ip route-static 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.0.12.1
ip route-static 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.0.23.3 preference 100
ip route-static 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.255 10.0.23.3
#
user-interface con 0authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return
3AR3
# 保存配置
AR3saveThe current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:yIt will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfullyNote: The configuration file will take effect after being activated# 查看当前配置内容
AR3display current-configuration
[V200R003C00]
#sysname AR3
#snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000snmp-agent
#clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#drop illegal-mac alarm
#undo info-center enable
#set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa authentication-scheme defaultauthorization-scheme defaultaccounting-scheme defaultdomain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#08bmE3Uw}%$%$local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Localpriority 15
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 10.0.23.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2ip address 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0ip address 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.255
#
ip route-static 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255 10.0.13.1
ip route-static 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.255 10.0.23.2
#
user-interface con 0authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return思考题
1什么情况下配置的静态路由会被添加到 IP 路由表中若配置的下一跳不可达该路由可以被加入到 IP 路由表吗 答同时满足下列两个条件静态路由会被添加到路由表中
该路由所配置的下一跳可达。这条路由是到达目的网段(主机)的最优路由。
故当下一跳不可达时不会被添加到IP 路由表。 2当测试 LoopBack接口之间连通性时若不加-a参数则ICMP 报文的源IP 地址将会是什么
答在华为设备上执行 ping操作时设备会查询路由表来确定出接口出接口的IP地址将会被作为 ICMP 报文的源 IP 地址。
参考文献HCIA-Datacom V1.0实验手册
