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引言
上一篇我们使用了RPM进行安装部署#xff0c;这是一种安装快速、简化部署和管理过程、与操作系统提供的包管理工具紧密集成的部署方法。此外#xff0c;当你需要更高的灵活性和自定义性#xff0c;并且愿意承担一些额外的手动配置和管理工作俊达
引言
上一篇我们使用了RPM进行安装部署这是一种安装快速、简化部署和管理过程、与操作系统提供的包管理工具紧密集成的部署方法。此外当你需要更高的灵活性和自定义性并且愿意承担一些额外的手动配置和管理工作那么二进制安装是一个值得考虑选择。 以下是二进制安装的一些优势
处理单机多实例在某些情况下希望在一台计算机上开启多个不同的服务器 ,运行多个MySQL服务进程同时保持现有的生产设置不受干扰。使用二进制方式可以在单台机器上部署多个实例无需额外的配置。简化升级过程在生产环境中MySQL的升级是一个重要且敏感的操作。使用二进制安装原地升级的方式更加方便。只需关闭旧的 MySQL 服务器、用新的替换旧的 MySQL 二进制文件或软件包、在现有数据目录上重新启动 MySQL以及升级现有安装中需要升级的任何剩余部分即可。自定义编译有时候可能需要对MySQL进行一些特定的定制或打补丁以满足特定的业务需求。通过自己编译二进制文件可以灵活地添加或修改功能并满足特殊需求。这种自定义编译的方式可以让MySQL更好地适应不同的环境和需求。
1 下载二进制文件
根据操作系统版本下载二进制包 下载其中的Compressed TAR如
2 解压
将下载的二进制文件下载到某个目录。 一般我们会将mysql二进制文件放到/usr/local/mysql 或者 /opt/mysql。
tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /opt
mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysqlls /opt/mysql/
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files3 准备配置文件
我们规划将MySQL数据库文件放在/data/mysql01路径下。 mysql数据目录 /data/mysql01/ 配置文件/data/mysql01/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#dir
basedir/opt/mysql
lc_messages_dir/opt/mysql/sharedatadir/data/mysql01/data
tmpdir/data/mysql01/tmp
log-error/data/mysql01/log/alert.log
slow_query_log_file/data/mysql01/log/slow.log
general_log_file/data/mysql01/log/general.logsocket/data/mysql01/run/mysql.sock#innodb
innodb_data_home_dir/data/mysql01/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir/data/mysql01/data
innodb_data_file_pathibdata1:128M:autoextend配置文件核心内容是[mysqld]下的相关路径配置 basedir mysql二进制文件路径 datadir: mysql数据目录 这里只配置了启动MySQL需要的最基本的参数。 真实环境中需要根据业务需求和服务器配置优化配置后续单独讲。
4 初始化数据库
-- 创建mysql用户
groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -g mysql-- 创建相关目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql01/{data,binlog,log,run,tmp}
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql01-- 初始化数据库
./bin/mysqld --defaults-file/data/mysql01/my.cnf --initialize --usermysql初始化完成后查看alert.log中的临时密码
tail /data/mysql01/log/alert.log2021-03-29T11:20:45.693865Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN45790
2021-03-29T11:20:45.789596Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-03-29T11:20:45.865865Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ce7101f3-9080-11eb-9d26-080027475f71.
2021-03-29T11:20:45.869311Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table mysql.gtid_executed cannot be opened.
2021-03-29T11:20:46.234753Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-03-29T11:20:46.286920Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for rootlocalhost: kguRrCbXw9;5 启动实例
mysql服务器进程是mysqld, 可以通过执行mysqld命令直接启动数据库当然通常我们会使用一些封装过的脚本来启动mysql。 mysqld_safe就是一个常用的脚本它能启动mysqld并在mysqld异常退出后重新启动mysqld
[rootbox1 ~]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file/data/mysql01/my.cnf
[1] 27896[rootbox1 ~]# 2021-03-29T11:24:31.202499Z mysqld_safe Logging to /data/mysql01/log/alert.log.通过ps可以看到mysqld进程以及命令行参数mysqld_safe是mysqld的父进程。
[rootbox1 mysql]# ps -elf | grep mysqld
4 S root 6445 2276 0 80 0 - 28354 do_wai 05:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file/data/mysql01/my.cnf
4 S mysql 6738 6445 0 80 0 - 518211 poll_s 05:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file/data/mysql01/my.cnf --basedir/usr/local --datadir/data/mysql01/data --plugin-dir/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --usermysql --log-error/data/mysql01/log/alert.log --pid-filebox1.pid --socket/data/mysql01/run/mysql.sock
0 S root 6784 2276 0 80 0 - 28206 pipe_w 05:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --colorauto mysqld可以看到mysqld命令行的关键参数
–defaults-file: 启动参数文件 –basedir: mysql软件的basedir –datadir: 数据目录 –plugin-dir: mysql插件lib库路径 –user: 运行mysql的OS账号 –log-error: 错误日志路径 –socket: socket连接文件 如果不提供这些参数mysqld会使用编译时的默认参数。 默认参数
[rootbox1 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --print-defaults
./bin/mysqld would have been started with the following arguments:
--datadir/var/lib/mysql --socket/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --symbolic-links0默认参数文件路径
[rootbox1 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --verbose --help | more
2021-03-31T09:33:30.820738Z 0 [ERROR] COLLATION latin1_swedish_ci is not valid for CHARACTER SET utf8mb4
./bin/mysqld Ver 5.7.32-debug for Linux on x86_64 (lazybug)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Starts the MySQL database server.Usage: ./bin/mysqld [OPTIONS]Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqld server mysqld-5.7
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults Dont read default options from any option file,except for login file.
--defaults-file# Only read default options from the given file #.通过mysqld --verbose --help可以看到参数文件搜索路径
/etc/my.cnf, /etc/mysql/my.cnf, /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf
在运维多实例mysql时我们通常会指定my.cnf的路径而不使用默认路径的配置文件。
避免读取默认配置参数文件中的配置引起各种问题。
加了–defaults-file后就只会从defaults-file指定文件中读取配置。
日志文件
如果启动过程中有问题可以通过alert日志文件查看具体的问题
$ tail -100 /data/mysql01/log/alert.log2021-03-29T11:24:31.229330Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql01/data
2021-03-29T11:24:31.407665Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.32-debug) starting as process 28189 ...
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412908Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412934Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: !!!!!!!! UNIV_DEBUG switched on !!!!!!!!!
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412939Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412942Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412947Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412950Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.11
2021-03-29T11:24:31.412954Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2021-03-29T11:24:31.413276Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
2021-03-29T11:24:31.413391Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2021-03-29T11:24:31.414823Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size 512M, instances 1, chunk size 128M
2021-03-29T11:24:31.589281Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2021-03-29T11:24:31.594759Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: If the mysqld execution user is authorized, page cleaner thread priority can be changed. See the man page of setpriority().
2021-03-29T11:24:31.611389Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.667674Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2021-03-29T11:24:31.667861Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file /data/mysql01/data/ibtmp1 size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2021-03-29T11:24:31.680116Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: File /data/mysql01/data/ibtmp1 size is now 12 MB.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.685528Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.685540Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.689004Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2021-03-29T11:24:31.741474Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.32 started; log sequence number 2746702
2021-03-29T11:24:31.742643Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /data/mysql01/data/ib_buffer_pool
2021-03-29T11:24:31.742725Z 0 [Note] Plugin FEDERATED is disabled.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.752433Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 210329 7:24:31
2021-03-29T11:24:31.757409Z 0 [Note] Found ca.pem, server-cert.pem and server-key.pem in data directory. Trying to enable SSL support using them.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.757426Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of SSL certificates as certificate files are present in data directory.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.758133Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.758185Z 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as key files are present in data directory.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.758504Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): *; port: 3306
2021-03-29T11:24:31.759379Z 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.759408Z 0 [Note] - :: resolves to ::;
2021-03-29T11:24:31.759434Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: ::.
2021-03-29T11:24:31.796451Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2021-03-29T11:24:31.796935Z 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: 5.7.32-debug socket: /data/mysql01/run/mysql.sock port: 3306 lazybug日志文件最后一行显示启动成功提示本地socket文件路径和监听端口。
6 修改默认密码
mysql 5.7开始需要先修改密码才能正常访问数据库
[rootbox1 run]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.32-debugCopyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type help; or \h for help. Type \c to clear the current input statement.mysql select 1;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.mysql alter user rootlocalhost identified by helloworld;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql select 1;
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)更多技术信息请查看云掣官网https://yunche.pro/?tyrgw
