唐兴数码网站,wordpress如何设置301,企业网站建设的要求,坂田建设网站CISCO IOS升级-#xff08;转#xff09;2008-06-27 15:35IOS 升级
在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前#xff0c;有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似#xff0c;它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中#xff0c;其操作系统叫做互连…CISCO IOS升级-转2008-06-27 15:35IOS 升级
在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统(Internetwork Operating System)常简称为IOS。路由器的存储器主要有
ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本
RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构
FLASH (闪存)用来存储IOS软件映像文件闪存是可以擦除内存它能够用IOS的新版本覆写IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。
NVRAM非易失性随机访问存储器用来存储系统的配置文件。
IOS升级方法一
在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时比较简单。具体步骤如下
1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等在升级较大IOS映象文件时建议用3Cserver安装在一台计算机上将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中例D:\并运行TFTP服务器软件通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录如D:\。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1
2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32与计算机的IP地址同网段即可。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用
QUOTE: Router# dir flash: (查看目前IOS映象文件名也可用Router#Show version) Directory of flash:/ 1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN 8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free) Router#copy flash tftp 备份IOS文件 Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址) Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! … !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec) Router#
3、对路由器进行IOS升级
QUOTE: Router#copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址) Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin 需升级的新IOS映象文件名 Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]? Do you want to over write? [confirm] Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin... Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erasedee Erase of flash: complete Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! … !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK - 5998292 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0xA0C0) 5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec) Router#
IOS升级方法二
由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时开启路由器时、或者在开启某些型号Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrlbreak键中断路由器的正常启动路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)在这种情形下对路由器的IOS进行升级也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下即
QUOTE:
Router(boot)en Router(boot)#
其他升级步骤同方法一即执行copy tftp flash命令对IOS进行升级。升级完成后不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102恢复正常值。
QUOTE: Router(boot)# t Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102 Router(boot)( config)#exit Router(boot)#wr Router(boot)#reload
重启即可。
IOS升级方法三
由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启某些型号Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrlbreak键中断路由器的正常启动路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即 rommon 1在这种情形下对路由器的IOS进行升级情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1状态下可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号每执行1条命令自动加1)
QUOTE:
rommon 1 ? alias set and display aliases command boot boot up an external process break set/show/clear the breakpoint confreg configuration register utility cont continue executing a downloaded image context display the context of a loaded image cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex dev list the device table dir list files in file system dis display instruction stream dnld serial download a program module frame print out a selected stack frame help monitor builtin command help history monitor command history meminfo main memory information repeat repeat a monitor command reset system reset set display the monitor variables stack produce a stack trace sync write monitor environment to NVRAM sysret print out info from last system return tftpdnld tftp image download unalias unset an alias unset unset a monitor variable xmodem x/ymodem image download rommon 2
在rommon 1状态下有两种升级IOS方法。
一、通过Xmodem命令注Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的升级IOS具体步骤如下
1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。
2、在这个模式下输入Xmodem命令即
QUOTE: rommon 2 xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin -c是带校验c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件 WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost! Invoke this application only for disaster recovery. Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y
Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin ... 此时在超级终端的传送栏目 选择发送文件选项 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长视IOS的大小和传输速度。
QUOTE:
Erasing flash at 0x607c0000 program flash location 0x605b0000 Download Complete!
传完以后对整个系统初始化 显示如下
QUOTE: program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0 Self decompressing the image : ################################################# ################################################# [OK] Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10 Using iomem percentage: 10 Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013. cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, California 95134-1706 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48 cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249) M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Press RETURN to get started! *Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1 *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down *Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console *Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down *Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong *Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start
Router
采用这种方法时由于使用console口来传送速率为9600bps需要时间较长。因此可修改console口速率利用xmodem命令实现快速升级IOS。具体方法如下
QUOTE:
rommon 1 confreg 回车 Configuration Summary enabled are: load rom after netboot fails console baud: 9600 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes) enable diagnostic mode? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable use net in IP bcast address? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) disable load rom after netboot fails? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable use all zero broadcast? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable break/abort has effect? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable ignore system config info? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes) enter rate: 0 9600, 1 4800, 2 1200, 3 2400 4 19200, 5 38400, 6 57600, 7 115200 [0]: 7 (选择 7,用最大的11520 速率的xmodem传输) change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) Configuration Summary enabled are: load rom after netboot fails console baud: 115200 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2 reset 回车
注意在按reset键前需要修改串口速度我的电脑---端口属性----串口速度调为115200然后再修改超级终端里设置速率为115200记住一定要这么做否则会出现乱码 然后关闭这个超级终端重新建立一个超级终端连接重新启动系统后出现
QUOTE:
rommon 1 提示符
然后,输入
QUOTE: rommon 1 xmodem -r Do not start the sending program yet... Invoke this application only for disaster recovery. Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes) Ready to receive file ...
此时在超级终端的菜单上的“传送”---“发送文件”----选择IOS映像文件所在地以及选择使用“xmodem”协议点击“发送”即可。等待10-20分钟左右就可升级完3-6M的IOS文件待升级完成后请记住修改回计算机串口与超级终端、路由器confreg下的xmodem等传输速率为9600bps。
方法如下
QUOTE: Routeren 进入新IOS的特权模式 Router#reload 重启系统 Proceed with reload? [confirm] 回车 00:01:04: %SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload requested System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. TAC:Home:SW:IOS:Specials for info PC 0xfff0a530, Vector 0x500, SP 0x680127b0 C2600 platform with 24576 Kbytes of main memory PC 0xfff0a530, Vector 0x500, SP 0x80004684 monitor: command boot aborted due to user interrupt 30秒内按ctrlbreak键 rommon 1 confreg 输入“confreg”命令 Configuration Summary enabled are: load rom after netboot fails console baud: 115200 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes) enable diagnostic mode? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable use nn IP bcast address? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) disable load rom after netboot fails? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable use all zero broadcast? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable break/abort has effect? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) enable ignore system config info? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) change console baud rate? y/n [n]: y (选择 yes) enter rate: 0 9600, 1 4800, 2 1200, 3 2400 4 19200, 5 38400, 6 57600, 7 115200 [7]: 0 (选择 0,改回用标准速率速率9600的xmodem传输) change the boot characteristics? y/n [n]: n (选择 no) Configuration Summary enabled are: load rom after netboot fails console baud: 9600 boot: image specified by the boot system commands or default to: cisco2-C2600 do you wish to change the configuration? y/n [n]: n You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2
此时手工改回计算机串口与超级终端2者传输速率为9600
然后敲入
QUOTE: rommon 2 reset
最好关掉电源后重新启动。利用xmodem命令实现路由器IOS升级速度较慢往往等上很长时间为了快速升级可以采用下列方法。
二通过tftpdnld命令升级IOS具体步骤如下
1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器用一根双绞线连接路由器的eth0/0口与PC机的网卡。
2、将路由器的eth0/0口IP地址设为10.32.10.32PC机的IP地址设为10.32.10.1。将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中并运行TFTP服务器软件通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录。
3、通过set 命令查看配置参数
QUOTE: rommon 2 set PS1rommon ! BOOT BSI0 RET_2_RTS ?0
4、在 rommon 状态下输入注意大小写
QUOTE: rommon 3 IP_ADDRESS10.32.10.1 (路由器的ip地址) rommon 4 IP_SUBNET_MASK255.255.255.0 路由器的掩码 rommon 5 DEFAULT_GATEWAY10.32.10.32 缺省网关是pc机的ip地址 rommon 6 TFTP_SERVER10.32.10.32 是pc机的ip地址 rommon 7 TFTP_FILEC2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN 上传ios文件的名称 rommon 8sync 保存参数配置 rommon 9 set 查看 rommon 10 set PS1rommon ! BOOT IP_ADDRESS10.32.10.1 IP_SUBNET_MASK255.255.255.0 DEFAULT_GATEWAY10.32.10.32 TFTP_SERVER10.32.10.32 TFTP_FILEC2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN BSI0 RET_2_RTS ?0 rommon 11 tftpdnld
执行tftpdnld命令进行ios升级有时可能会报错或命令不执行这时只要用sync命令保存配置后重新启动路由器最好关掉电源再开机后再执行tftpdnld命令就可以了。
QUOTE: rommon 11 tftpdnld传送文件出现提示选择y IP_ADDRESS: 10.32.10.1 IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0 DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 10.32.10.32 TFTP_SERVER: 10.32.10.32 TFTP_FILE: C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN Invoke this command for disaster recovery only. WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost! Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]: y Receiving C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN from 10.32.10.32!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! … !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! File reception completed. Copying file C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN to flash. Erasing flash at 0x607c0000 program flash location 0x605b0000 rommon 13 在rommon 13 提示符下键入reset或重新启动路由器power-cycle,进入正常引导状态即
