中国政务网站建设绩效评估,wordpress如何做产品展示,中建名城建设有限公司 网站,对网站建设的建议1. 概述
在实际开发过程中#xff0c;我们经常需要调用对方提供的接口或测试自己写的接口是否合适。很多项目都会封装规定好本身项目的接口规范#xff0c;所以大多数需要去调用对方提供的接口或第三方接口#xff08;短信、天气等#xff09;。
在Java项目中调用第三方接…1. 概述
在实际开发过程中我们经常需要调用对方提供的接口或测试自己写的接口是否合适。很多项目都会封装规定好本身项目的接口规范所以大多数需要去调用对方提供的接口或第三方接口短信、天气等。
在Java项目中调用第三方接口的方式有
通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection通过common封装好的HttpClient通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate
2. Java调用第三方http接口的方式
2.1 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection
比较原始的一种调用做法这里把get请求和post请求都统一放在一个方法里面直接上代码
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;/*** * jdk类HttpURLConnection调用第三方http接口** 通常分get和post两种方式** 参考资料* http://www.cnblogs.com/angusbao/p/7727649.html*/
public class HttpUrlConnectionToInterface {/*** 以post或get方式调用对方接口方法* param pathUrl*/public static void doPostOrGet(String pathUrl, String data){OutputStreamWriter out null;BufferedReader br null;String result ;try {URL url new URL(pathUrl);//打开和url之间的连接HttpURLConnection conn (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//请求方式conn.setRequestMethod(POST);//conn.setRequestMethod(GET);//设置通用的请求属性conn.setRequestProperty(accept, */*);conn.setRequestProperty(connection, Keep-Alive);conn.setRequestProperty(user-agent, Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1));conn.setRequestProperty(Content-Type, application/json;charsetutf-8);//DoOutput设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出DoInput设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入此外发送post请求必须设置这两个conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);/*** 下面的三句代码就是调用第三方http接口*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流out new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), UTF-8);//发送请求参数即数据out.write(data);//flush输出流的缓冲out.flush();/*** 下面的代码相当于获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流InputStream is conn.getInputStream();//构造一个字符流缓存br new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));String str ;while ((str br.readLine()) ! null){result str;}System.out.println(result);//关闭流is.close();//断开连接disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。conn.disconnect();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {if (out ! null){out.close();}if (br ! null){br.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}public static void main(String[] args) {/***手机信息查询接口http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel手机号* http://api.showji.com/Locating/www.showji.com.aspx?m手机号outputjsoncallbackquerycallback*/doPostOrGet(https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel13026194071, );}
}
2.2 通过apache common封装好的HttpClient
httpClient的get或post请求方式步骤
生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数生成一个GetMethod对象或PostMethod并设置响应的参数用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法处理响应状态码若响应正常处理HTTP响应内容释放连接。
导入如下jar包
!--HttpClient--
dependencygroupIdcommons-httpclient/groupIdartifactIdcommons-httpclient/artifactIdversion3.1/version
/dependency代码如下
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;/*** ** HttpClient模拟get、post请求并发送请求参数json等* 【参考资料】* https://javasam.iteye.com/blog/2117845* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28379809/article/details/82898792*/
public class HttpClientToInterface {/*** httpClient的get请求方式* 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤* 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数* 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数* 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法* 4.处理响应状态码* 5.若响应正常处理HTTP响应内容* 6.释放连接。* param url* param charset* return*/public static String doGet(String url, String charset){/*** 1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数*/HttpClient httpClient new HttpClient();//设置Http连接超时为5秒httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);/*** 2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数*/GetMethod getMethod new GetMethod(url);//设置get请求超时为5秒getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);//设置请求重试处理用的是默认的重试处理请求三次getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());String response ;/*** 3.执行HTTP GET 请求*/try {int statusCode httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);/*** 4.判断访问的状态码*/if (statusCode ! HttpStatus.SC_OK){System.err.println(请求出错 getMethod.getStatusLine());}/*** 5.处理HTTP响应内容*///HTTP响应头部信息这里简单打印Header[] headers getMethod.getResponseHeaders();for (Header h: headers){System.out.println(h.getName() --------------- h.getValue());}//读取HTTP响应内容这里简单打印网页内容//读取为字节数组byte[] responseBody getMethod.getResponseBody();response new String(responseBody, charset);System.out.println(-----------response: response);//读取为InputStream在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用//InputStream response getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();} catch (HttpException e) {//发生致命的异常可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题System.out.println(请检查输入的URL!);e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e){//发生网络异常System.out.println(发生网络异常!);}finally {/*** 6.释放连接*/getMethod.releaseConnection();}return response;}/*** post请求* param url* param json* return*/public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){HttpClient httpClient new HttpClient();PostMethod postMethod new PostMethod(url);postMethod.addRequestHeader(accept, */*);postMethod.addRequestHeader(connection, Keep-Alive);//设置json格式传送postMethod.addRequestHeader(Content-Type, application/json;charsetutf-8);//必须设置下面这个HeaderpostMethod.addRequestHeader(User-Agent, Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36);//添加请求参数postMethod.addParameter(commentId, json.getString(commentId));String res ;try {int code httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);if (code 200){res postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();System.out.println(res);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return res;}public static void main(String[] args) {doGet(http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel13026194071, UTF-8);System.out.println(-----------分割线------------);System.out.println(-----------分割线------------);System.out.println(-----------分割线------------);JSONObject jsonObject new JSONObject();jsonObject.put(commentId, 13026194071);doPost(http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel13026194071, jsonObject);}
}2.3 通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient
CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基础上修改更新而来的这里还涉及到请求头token的设置请求验证利用fastjson转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式当然上面两种方式也是可以设置请求头token、json的这里只在下面说明。
导入如下jar包
!--CloseableHttpClient--
dependencygroupIdorg.apache.httpcomponents/groupIdartifactIdhttpclient/artifactIdversion4.5.2/version
/dependency
dependencygroupIdcom.alibaba/groupIdartifactIdfastjson/artifactIdversion1.2.28/version
/dependency代码如下
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;import java.io.IOException;/**** Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient* 【参考资料】* https://www.cnblogs.com/siv8/p/6222709.html* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35860138/article/details/82967727*/
public class CloseableHttpClientToInterface {private static String tokenString ;private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED;private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient null;/*** 以get方式调用第三方接口* param url* return*/public static String doGet(String url, String token){//创建HttpClient对象CloseableHttpClient httpClient HttpClientBuilder.create().build();HttpGet get new HttpGet(url);try {if (tokenString ! null !tokenString.equals()){tokenString getToken();}//api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头用于token验证使用get.addHeader(api_gateway_auth_token, tokenString);get.addHeader(User-Agent, Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36);HttpResponse response httpClient.execute(get);if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() HttpStatus.SC_OK){//返回json格式String res EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());return res;}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}/*** 以post方式调用第三方接口* param url* param json* return*/public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){try {if (httpClient null){httpClient HttpClientBuilder.create().build();}HttpPost post new HttpPost(url);if (tokenString ! null !tokenString.equals()){tokenString getToken();}//api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头用于token验证使用post.addHeader(api_gateway_auth_token, tokenString);post.addHeader(User-Agent, Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36);StringEntity s new StringEntity(json.toString());s.setContentEncoding(UTF-8);//发送json数据需要设置contentTypes.setContentType(application/x-www-form-urlencoded);//设置请求参数post.setEntity(s);HttpResponse response httpClient.execute(post);if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() HttpStatus.SC_OK){//返回json格式String res EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());return res;}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {if (httpClient ! null){try {httpClient.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}return null;}/*** 获取第三方接口的token*/public static String getToken(){String token ;JSONObject object new JSONObject();object.put(appid, appid);object.put(secretkey, secretkey);try {if (httpClient null){httpClient HttpClientBuilder.create().build();}HttpPost post new HttpPost(http://localhost/login);post.addHeader(User-Agent, Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36);StringEntity s new StringEntity(object.toString());s.setContentEncoding(UTF-8);//发送json数据需要设置contentTypes.setContentType(application/x-www-form-urlencoded);//设置请求参数post.setEntity(s);HttpResponse response httpClient.execute(post);//这里可以把返回的结果按照自定义的返回数据结果把string转换成自定义类//ResultTokenBO result JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);//把response转为jsonObjectJSONObject result JSONObject.parseObject(response);if (result.containsKey(token)){token result.getString(token);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return token;}/*** 测试*/public static void test(String telephone){JSONObject object new JSONObject();object.put(telephone, telephone);try {//首先获取tokentokenString getToken();String response doPost(http://localhost/searchUrl, object);//如果返回的结果是list形式的需要使用JSONObject.parseArray转换//ListResult list JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);System.out.println(response);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public static void main(String[] args) {test(12345678910);}}2.4 通过SpringBoot-RestTemplate
springBoot-RestTemple是上面三种方式的集大成者代码编写更加简单目前可以采用的调用第三方接口有
delete() 在特定的URL上对资源执行HTTP DELETE操作exchange() 在URL上执行特定的HTTP方法返回包含对象的ResponseEntity这个对象是从响应体中映射得到的execute() 在URL上执行特定的HTTP方法返回一个从响应体映射得到的对象getForEntity() 发送一个HTTP GET请求返回的ResponseEntity包含了响应体所映射成的对象getForObject() 发送一个HTTP GET请求返回的请求体将映射为一个对象postForEntity() POST 数据到一个URL返回包含一个对象的ResponseEntity这个对象是从响应体中映射得到的postForObject() POST 数据到一个URL返回根据响应体匹配形成的对象headForHeaders() 发送HTTP HEAD请求返回包含特定资源URL的HTTP头optionsForAllow() 发送HTTP OPTIONS请求返回对特定URL的Allow头信息postForLocation() POST 数据到一个URL返回新创建资源的URLput() PUT 资源到特定的URL
首先导入springboot的web包
parentgroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-parent/artifactIdversion2.0.4.RELEASE/version/parentdependencies!--CloseableHttpClient--dependencygroupIdorg.apache.httpcomponents/groupIdartifactIdhttpclient/artifactIdversion4.5.2/version/dependency!--spring restTemplate--!-- ConfigurationProperties annotation processing (metadata for IDEs)生成spring-configuration-metadata.json类需要引入此类--dependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-configuration-processor/artifactIdoptionaltrue/optional/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-aop/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactIdexclusionsexclusiongroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-tomcat/artifactId/exclusion/exclusions/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-jetty/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactIdscopetest/scope/dependency/dependencies在启动类同包下创建RestTemplateConfig.java类
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){return new RestTemplate(factory);}Beanpublic ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);factory.setReadTimeout(5000);return factory;}
}然后在Service类RestTemplateToInterface 中注入使用
具体代码如下
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.swordfall.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;/**** 【参考资料】* https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15452971/article/details/79416469* https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40461281/article/details/83540604*/
Service
public class RestTemplateToInterface {Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;/*** 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForEntity* param url* return*/public User doGetWith1(String url){ResponseEntityUser responseEntity restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);User user responseEntity.getBody();return user;}/*** 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForObject* 返回值返回的是响应体省去了我们再去getBody()* param url* return*/public User doGetWith2(String url){User user restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);return user;}/*** 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity* param url* return*/public String doPostWith1(String url){User user new User(小白, 20);ResponseEntityString responseEntity restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);String body responseEntity.getBody();return body;}/*** 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity* param url* return*/public String doPostWith2(String url){User user new User(小白, 20);String body restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);return body;}/*** exchange* return*/public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){//header参数HttpHeaders headers new HttpHeaders();String token asdfaf2322;headers.add(authorization, token);headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);//放入body中的json参数JSONObject obj new JSONObject();obj.put(age, age);obj.put(name, name);//组装HttpEntityJSONObject request new HttpEntity(obj, headers);ResponseEntityString responseEntity restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);String body responseEntity.getBody();return body;}
}
