外贸球衣网站,牛年起广告公司名字,wordpress底部怎么改,哪个全球购网站做的好本文整理了常用的opengl缓冲区对象并安排了使用示例 名称英文全称作用简述顶点数组对象Vertex Array Object (VAO)管理 VBO 和 EBO 的配置#xff0c;存储顶点属性设置#xff0c;简化渲染流程#xff0c;避免重复设置状态顶点缓冲区对象Vertex Buffer Object (VBO)存储顶点…本文整理了常用的opengl缓冲区对象并安排了使用示例 名称英文全称作用简述顶点数组对象Vertex Array Object (VAO)管理 VBO 和 EBO 的配置存储顶点属性设置简化渲染流程避免重复设置状态顶点缓冲区对象Vertex Buffer Object (VBO)存储顶点属性数据提升渲染性能索引缓冲区对象Element/Index Buffer Object (EBO/IBO)存储顶点索引减少数据冗余统一缓冲区对象Uniform Buffer Object (UBO)存储着色器统一变量方便多着色器共享着色器存储缓冲区对象Shader Storage Buffer Object (SSBO)供着色器直接读写复杂数据像素缓冲区对象Pixel Buffer Object (PBO)加速像素数据在 CPU 和 GPU 间传输变换反馈缓冲区对象Transform Feedback Buffer Object (TFBO)存储处理后的顶点数据用于后续渲染原子计数器缓冲区对象Atomic Counter Buffer Object (ACBO)存储可并发修改的计数器纹理缓冲区对象Texture Buffer Object (TBO)将缓冲区数据作为一维纹理采样查询对象Query Object查询 OpenGL 操作状态和结果用于调试帧缓冲区对象Framebuffer Object (FBO)自定义渲染目标实现离屏渲染渲染缓冲区对象Renderbuffer Object (RBO)与 FBO 配合存储单一图像数据命令缓冲区Command Buffer提前记录命令减少 CPU - GPU 同步开销稀疏纹理Sparse Texture仅为纹理实际部分分配内存节省空间采样器缓冲区对象Sampler Buffer Object结合缓冲区与采样器功能访问数据多视图帧缓冲区对象Multiview Framebuffer Object支持同时渲染到多个视图用于特殊渲染 1. 顶点数组对象Vertex Array Object, VAO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {// 初始化 GLFWif (!glfwInit()) {std::cerr GLFW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 创建窗口GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, VAO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);if (!window) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr 窗口创建失败 std::endl;return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);// 初始化 GLEWif (glewInit() ! GLEW_OK) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr GLEW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 创建 VAOGLuint VAO;glGenVertexArrays(1, VAO);// 绑定 VAOglBindVertexArray(VAO);// 这里可以进行 VBO 和 EBO 的绑定与设置// 解绑 VAOglBindVertexArray(0);// 主循环while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {// 处理事件glfwPollEvents();// 绑定 VAOglBindVertexArray(VAO);// 绘制操作// glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);// 解绑 VAOglBindVertexArray(0);// 交换缓冲区glfwSwapBuffers(window);}// 清理 VAOglDeleteVertexArrays(1, VAO);// 终止 GLFWglfwTerminate();return 0;
}2. 顶点缓冲区对象Vertex Buffer Object, VBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, VBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 顶点数据float vertices[] {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f};// 创建 VBOGLuint VBO;glGenBuffers(1, VBO);// 绑定 VBOglBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);// 填充数据glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);// 解绑 VBOglBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 VBOglDeleteBuffers(1, VBO);return 0;
}3. 索引缓冲区对象Element Buffer Object, EBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, EBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 顶点数据float vertices[] {-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f};// 索引数据unsigned int indices[] {0, 1, 2};// 创建 EBOGLuint EBO;glGenBuffers(1, EBO);// 绑定 EBOglBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);// 填充数据glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);// 解绑 EBOglBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 EBOglDeleteBuffers(1, EBO);return 0;
}4. 统一缓冲区对象Uniform Buffer Object, UBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamconst GLuint UBO_BINDING_POINT 0;int main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, UBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建 UBOGLuint UBO;glGenBuffers(1, UBO);// 绑定 UBOglBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, UBO);// 分配内存glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 16 * sizeof(float), nullptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW);// 绑定到指定绑定点glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, UBO_BINDING_POINT, UBO);// 解绑 UBOglBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 UBOglDeleteBuffers(1, UBO);return 0;
}5. 着色器存储缓冲区对象Shader Storage Buffer Object, SSBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, SSBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 数据float data[] {1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f};// 创建 SSBOGLuint SSBO;glGenBuffers(1, SSBO);// 绑定 SSBOglBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, SSBO);// 填充数据glBufferData(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, sizeof(data), data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);// 绑定到指定绑定点glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0, SSBO);// 解绑 SSBOglBindBuffer(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 SSBOglDeleteBuffers(1, SSBO);return 0;
}6. 像素缓冲区对象Pixel Buffer Object, PBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, PBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建 PBOGLuint PBO;glGenBuffers(1, PBO);// 绑定 PBOglBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, PBO);// 分配内存glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 800 * 600 * 4, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);// 解绑 PBOglBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 PBOglDeleteBuffers(1, PBO);return 0;
}7. 变换反馈缓冲区对象Transform Feedback Buffer Object, TFBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, TFBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建 TFBOGLuint TFBO;glGenBuffers(1, TFBO);// 绑定 TFBOglBindBuffer(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, TFBO);// 分配内存glBufferData(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, 1024, nullptr, GL_STATIC_DRAW);// 绑定到变换反馈绑定点glBindBufferBase(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, 0, TFBO);// 解绑 TFBOglBindBuffer(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 TFBOglDeleteBuffers(1, TFBO);return 0;
}8. 原子计数器缓冲区对象Atomic Counter Buffer Object, ACBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, ACBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建 ACBOGLuint ACBO;glGenBuffers(1, ACBO);// 绑定 ACBOglBindBuffer(GL_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER, ACBO);// 分配内存glBufferData(GL_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER, sizeof(GLuint), nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);// 绑定到指定绑定点glBindBufferBase(GL_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER, 0, ACBO);// 解绑 ACBOglBindBuffer(GL_ATOMIC_COUNTER_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 ACBOglDeleteBuffers(1, ACBO);return 0;
}9. 纹理缓冲区对象Texture Buffer Object, TBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, TBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 数据float data[] {1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f};// 创建 TBOGLuint TBO;glGenBuffers(1, TBO);// 绑定 TBOglBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, TBO);// 填充数据glBufferData(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, sizeof(data), data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);// 创建纹理GLuint texture;glGenTextures(1, texture);// 绑定纹理glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, texture);// 将 TBO 关联到纹理glTexBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, GL_R32F, TBO);// 解绑 TBO 和纹理glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, 0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 TBO 和纹理glDeleteBuffers(1, TBO);glDeleteTextures(1, texture);return 0;
}10. 查询对象Query Object
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, 查询对象示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建查询对象GLuint query;glGenQueries(1, query);// 开始查询glBeginQuery(GL_SAMPLES_PASSED, query);// 这里进行绘制操作// glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);// 结束查询glEndQuery(GL_SAMPLES_PASSED);// 获取查询结果GLuint result;glGetQueryObjectuiv(query, GL_QUERY_RESULT, result);std::cout 采样通过数量: result std::endl;// 清理查询对象glDeleteQueries(1, query);glfwTerminate();return 0;
}11. 帧缓冲区对象Framebuffer Object, FBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, FBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建 FBOGLuint FBO;glGenFramebuffers(1, FBO);// 绑定 FBOglBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, FBO);// 这里可以创建并附加纹理或渲染缓冲区// 检查 FBO 是否完整if (glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER) ! GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)std::cerr FBO 不完整 std::endl;// 解绑 FBOglBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 FBOglDeleteFramebuffers(1, FBO);return 0;
}12. 渲染缓冲区对象Renderbuffer Object, RBO
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamint main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, RBO 示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();// 创建 RBOGLuint RBO;glGenRenderbuffers(1, RBO);// 绑定 RBOglBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, RBO);// 分配内存glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, 800, 600);// 解绑 RBOglBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, 0);glfwTerminate();// 清理 RBOglDeleteRenderbuffers(1, RBO);return 0;
}13. 命令缓冲区Command Buffer
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostream
#include vector// 模拟命令结构体
struct Command {enum Type { DRAW_ARRAYS } type;GLenum mode;GLint first;GLsizei count;
};int main() {glfwInit();GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, 命令缓冲区示例, nullptr, nullptr);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glewInit();std::vectorCommand commandBuffer;// 添加命令到缓冲区Command cmd;cmd.type Command::DRAW_ARRAYS;cmd.mode GL_TRIANGLES;cmd.first 0;cmd.count 3;commandBuffer.push_back(cmd);// 执行命令缓冲区中的命令for (const auto cmd : commandBuffer) {if (cmd.type Command::DRAW_ARRAYS) {glDrawArrays(cmd.mode, cmd.first, cmd.count);}}glfwTerminate();return 0;
}稀疏纹理Sparse Texture
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamconst int WIDTH 800;
const int HEIGHT 600;int main() {// 初始化 GLFWif (!glfwInit()) {std::cerr GLFW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 创建窗口GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, Sparse Texture Example, nullptr, nullptr);if (!window) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr 窗口创建失败 std::endl;return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);// 初始化 GLEWif (glewInit() ! GLEW_OK) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr GLEW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 检查是否支持稀疏纹理扩展if (!GLEW_ARB_sparse_texture) {std::cerr 不支持 ARB_sparse_texture 扩展 std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}// 创建纹理对象GLuint texture;glGenTextures(1, texture);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);// 设置纹理参数glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);// 分配稀疏纹理存储GLint alignment;glGetInternalformativ(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_RGBA8, GL_TEXTURE_SPARSE_ARB, 1, alignment);glTexStorage2DMultisample(GL_TEXTURE_2D_MULTISAMPLE, 4, GL_RGBA8, WIDTH, HEIGHT, GL_TRUE);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_SPARSE_ARB, GL_TRUE);// 定义一个稀疏纹理的子区域GLint x 0, y 0, z 0;GLint width WIDTH / 2, height HEIGHT / 2, depth 1;GLint level 0;glTexPageCommitmentARB(GL_TEXTURE_2D, level, x, y, z, width, height, depth, GL_TRUE);// 主循环while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {glfwPollEvents();// 清屏glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// 这里可以进行纹理绘制操作glfwSwapBuffers(window);}// 清理资源glDeleteTextures(1, texture);glfwTerminate();return 0;
}采样器缓冲区对象Sampler Buffer Object
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamconst int WIDTH 800;
const int HEIGHT 600;int main() {// 初始化 GLFWif (!glfwInit()) {std::cerr GLFW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 创建窗口GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, Sampler Buffer Object Example, nullptr, nullptr);if (!window) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr 窗口创建失败 std::endl;return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);// 初始化 GLEWif (glewInit() ! GLEW_OK) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr GLEW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 创建缓冲区对象GLuint buffer;glGenBuffers(1, buffer);glBindBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, buffer);// 分配缓冲区数据const int bufferSize 1024;float* data new float[bufferSize];for (int i 0; i bufferSize; i) {data[i] static_castfloat(i);}glBufferData(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, bufferSize * sizeof(float), data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);delete[] data;// 创建纹理对象并绑定到缓冲区GLuint texture;glGenTextures(1, texture);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, texture);glTexBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, GL_R32F, buffer);// 主循环while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {glfwPollEvents();// 清屏glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// 这里可以在着色器中使用采样器缓冲区对象进行采样操作glfwSwapBuffers(window);}// 清理资源glDeleteTextures(1, texture);glDeleteBuffers(1, buffer);glfwTerminate();return 0;
}多视图帧缓冲区对象Multiview Framebuffer Object
#include GL/glew.h
#include GLFW/glfw3.h
#include iostreamconst int WIDTH 800;
const int HEIGHT 600;int main() {// 初始化 GLFWif (!glfwInit()) {std::cerr GLFW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 创建窗口GLFWwindow* window glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, Multiview Framebuffer Object Example, nullptr, nullptr);if (!window) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr 窗口创建失败 std::endl;return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);// 初始化 GLEWif (glewInit() ! GLEW_OK) {glfwTerminate();std::cerr GLEW 初始化失败 std::endl;return -1;}// 检查是否支持多视图扩展if (!GLEW_NV_multiview) {std::cerr 不支持 NV_multiview 扩展 std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}// 创建帧缓冲区对象GLuint fbo;glGenFramebuffers(1, fbo);glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);// 创建纹理附件GLuint texture;glGenTextures(1, texture);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, texture);glTexStorage3D(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 1, GL_RGBA8, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 2); // 2 个视图// 将纹理附件附加到帧缓冲区glFramebufferTexture(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, texture, 0);// 设置多视图GLuint views[] {0, 1};glNamedFramebufferMultiviewOVR(fbo, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, texture, 0, 0, 2, 2, views);// 主循环while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {glfwPollEvents();// 清屏glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// 这里可以进行多视图渲染操作glfwSwapBuffers(window);}// 清理资源glDeleteTextures(1, texture);glDeleteFramebuffers(1, fbo);glfwTerminate();return 0;
}
