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前提条件
新建Spring Boot项目并编写一个接口
新建Maven工程
导入 Spring Boot 相关的依赖
启动项目
编写Controller
测试接口
构建镜像
打jar包
新建Dockerfile文件
Linux目录准备
上传Dockerfile和target目录到Linux
制作镜像
查看镜像
测试镜像
上传镜…目录
前提条件
新建Spring Boot项目并编写一个接口
新建Maven工程
导入 Spring Boot 相关的依赖
启动项目
编写Controller
测试接口
构建镜像
打jar包
新建Dockerfile文件
Linux目录准备
上传Dockerfile和target目录到Linux
制作镜像
查看镜像
测试镜像
上传镜像
准备yaml文件
创建deployment
应用springbootdemo.yaml创建deployment
查看deployment
查看deployment详情
查看pod
访问测试
扩容deployment pod
公布应用程序
对外暴露应用
查看服务
访问测试 前提条件
拥有Kubernetes集群环境可参考Kubernetes集群搭建掌握Docker镜像知识可参考Docker镜像的使用理解Kubernetes基本部署知识可参考使用Kubernetes部署第一个应用有一定的Java、Spring Boot编程基础 新建Spring Boot项目并编写一个接口
新建Spring Boot项目及编写相关功能这里编写一个Hello World接口。
环境说明jdk8 maven3 IDEA2022
新建Maven工程
打开IDEAFile--New新建Maven项目项目名称例如springbootdemo 导入 Spring Boot 相关的依赖
在该 Maven 项目的 pom.xml 中添加以下配置在 /project一行之前添加 Spring Boot 相关的依赖及打包插件。 !-- 打包格式 --packagingjar/packagingparentgroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-parent/artifactIdversion2.4.5/versionrelativePath//parentdependenciesdependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactIdscopetest/scope/dependency/dependencies!-- 打包插件 --buildpluginsplugingroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-maven-plugin/artifactIdconfigurationexecutabletrue/executablelayoutJAR/layout/configurationexecutionsexecutiongoalsgoalrepackage/goal/goalsconfigurationattachfalse/attach/configuration/execution/executions/plugin/plugins/build刷新依赖 在src/main/java目录下新建包org.example 在org.example包下新建启动类HelloWorldApplication
package org.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldApplication.class, args);}
} 启动项目
点击HelloWorldApplication.java第7行或第8行的绿色三角形启动项目 或者命令方式运行如下
MacOS/Linux:
./mvnw spring-boot:run
Windows:
mvnw spring-boot:run 编写Controller
为了看到效果在org.example下新建controller包然后新建一个控制类HelloController
package org.example.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;Controller
public class HelloController {ResponseBodyRequestMapping(/hello)public String hello(){return Hello World;}
}
测试接口
重新运行项目
浏览器访问
http://localhost:8080/hello
效果如下 看到Hello World说明接口正常。 停止运行项目。 构建镜像
打jar包 在项目的target目录下看到jar包如下 本地命令行运行jar包
cmd进入jar包所在目录执行如下命令
D:\code\springboot\springboot2\springbootdemo\targetjava -jar springbootdemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 浏览器访问
http://localhost:8080/hello 返回数据正常说明jar包可用。 在cmd命令行按Ctrlc停止项目或者直接关闭cmd命令窗口。 新建Dockerfile文件
在工程目录下新建Dockerfile文件文件内容如下
FROM openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
ADD ./target/springbootdemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
ENTRYPOINT [java, -jar, app.jar, ] Docker在Linux下需要把Dockerfile和target的jar包上传到Linux再构建镜像。 Linux目录准备
在Linux下创建工作目录
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p test/springbootapp
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# cd test/springbootapp
[rootk8s-master01 test]#
上传Dockerfile和target目录到Linux
上传Dockerfile和target目录到Linux的/test/springbootapp目录
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# ls
Dockerfile target
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# ls target/
classes generated-test-sources maven-status springbootdemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar.original
generated-sources maven-archiver springbootdemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar test-classes
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]#
制作镜像
docker build -t springbootdemo:v1 .
操作过程
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker build -t springbootdemo:v1 .
[] Building 579.2s (7/7) FINISHED docker:default [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s transferring dockerfile: 163B 0.0s [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine 169.8s [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s transferring context: 2B 0.0s [internal] load build context 0.1s transferring context: 17.07MB 0.1s [1/2] FROM docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpinesha256:94792824df2df33402f201713f932b58cb9de94a0cd524164a0f228334 407.7s resolve docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpinesha256:94792824df2df33402f201713f932b58cb9de94a0cd524164a0f22833435 0.0s sha256:f910a506b6cb1dbec766725d70356f695ae2bf2bea6224dbe8c7c6ad4f3664a2 238B / 238B 38.2s sha256:c2274a1a0e2786ee9101b08f76111f9ab8019e368dce1e325d3c284a0ca33397 70.73MB / 70.73MB 402.1s sha256:94792824df2df33402f201713f932b58cb9de94a0cd524164a0f2283343547b3 1.64kB / 1.64kB 0.0s sha256:44b3cea369c947527e266275cee85c71a81f20fc5076f6ebb5a13f19015dce71 947B / 947B 0.0s sha256:a3562aa0b991a80cfe8172847c8be6dbf6e46340b759c2b782f8b8be45342717 3.40kB / 3.40kB 0.0s sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10 2.76MB / 2.76MB 42.6s extracting sha256:e7c96db7181be991f19a9fb6975cdbbd73c65f4a2681348e63a141a2192a5f10 0.4s extracting sha256:f910a506b6cb1dbec766725d70356f695ae2bf2bea6224dbe8c7c6ad4f3664a2 0.0s extracting sha256:c2274a1a0e2786ee9101b08f76111f9ab8019e368dce1e325d3c284a0ca33397 4.6s [2/2] ADD ./target/springbootdemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar 1.4s exporting to image 0.2s exporting layers 0.2s writing image sha256:00bb52a626f8e486a884f956ff944bcbecedb39329476a41fa7f5dbb1587dd5f 0.0s naming to docker.io/library/springbootdemo:v1 0.0s
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]#
查看镜像
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
springbootdemo v1 00bb52a626f8 About a minute ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.31.1 6bab7719df10 2 months ago 94.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.31.1 175ffd71cce3 2 months ago 88.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.31.1 9aa1fad94157 2 months ago 67.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.31.1 60c005f310ff 2 months ago 91.5MB
calico/typha v3.28.1 a19ab150aded 3 months ago 71.3MB
calico/kube-controllers v3.28.1 9d19dff735fa 3 months ago 79.3MB
calico/cni v3.28.1 f6d76a1259a8 3 months ago 209MB
calico/node v3.28.1 8bbeb9e1ee32 3 months ago 365MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns v1.11.3 c69fa2e9cbf5 3 months ago 61.8MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.5.15-0 2e96e5913fc0 3 months ago 148MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.10 873ed7510279 5 months ago 736kB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 18 months ago 13.3kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.8 4873874c08ef 2 years ago 711kB
能看到springbootdemo:v1镜像。 测试镜像
使用Docker命令测试运行镜像
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name springbootdemo springbootdemo:v1
命令行访问
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# curl localhost:8080/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# 浏览器访问虚拟机ip:8080/hello
http://192.168.204.101:8080/hello 能访问说明镜像正常。 删除容器
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker rm -f springbootdemo 上传镜像
上传镜像到镜像仓库这里使用阿里云镜像仓库为例。
登录阿里云进入控制台找到容器镜像服务创建命名空间创建创库名称根据操作指南进行操作详细步骤可参考Docker镜像的使用
上传镜像命令
$ docker login --usernameyour-account registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com
$ docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:[镜像版本号]
$ docker push registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:[镜像版本号]
注意your-account 需要换成自己的账号名称
操作
# 登录阿里云
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker login --usernameyour-account registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credential-stores
Login Succeeded
# 查看docker镜像id
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
springbootdemo v1 00bb52a626f8 15 minutes ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.31.1 6bab7719df10 2 months ago 94.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.31.1 9aa1fad94157 2 months ago 67.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.31.1 175ffd71cce3 2 months ago 88.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.31.1 60c005f310ff 2 months ago 91.5MB
calico/typha v3.28.1 a19ab150aded 3 months ago 71.3MB
calico/kube-controllers v3.28.1 9d19dff735fa 3 months ago 79.3MB
calico/cni v3.28.1 f6d76a1259a8 3 months ago 209MB
calico/node v3.28.1 8bbeb9e1ee32 3 months ago 365MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns v1.11.3 c69fa2e9cbf5 3 months ago 61.8MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.5.15-0 2e96e5913fc0 3 months ago 148MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.10 873ed7510279 5 months ago 736kB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 18 months ago 13.3kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.8 4873874c08ef 2 years ago 711kB
# 对镜像打标签
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker tag 00bb52a626f8 registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:v1
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo v1 00bb52a626f8 16 minutes ago 122MB
springbootdemo v1 00bb52a626f8 16 minutes ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.31.1 6bab7719df10 2 months ago 94.2MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.31.1 9aa1fad94157 2 months ago 67.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.31.1 175ffd71cce3 2 months ago 88.4MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.31.1 60c005f310ff 2 months ago 91.5MB
calico/typha v3.28.1 a19ab150aded 3 months ago 71.3MB
calico/kube-controllers v3.28.1 9d19dff735fa 3 months ago 79.3MB
calico/cni v3.28.1 f6d76a1259a8 3 months ago 209MB
calico/node v3.28.1 8bbeb9e1ee32 3 months ago 365MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns v1.11.3 c69fa2e9cbf5 3 months ago 61.8MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.5.15-0 2e96e5913fc0 3 months ago 148MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.10 873ed7510279 5 months ago 736kB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 18 months ago 13.3kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.8 4873874c08ef 2 years ago 711kB
# 上传镜像
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]# docker push registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:v1
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo]
7217cf1a65b2: Pushed
ceaf9e1ebef5: Pushed
9b9b7f3d56a0: Pushed
f1b5933fe4b5: Pushed
v1: digest: sha256:360f8ce8a2358fca237f6fd884cf58a3f9184c3fa08f9b475a35fe0bc2bb93bc size: 1159
[rootk8s-master01 springbootapp]#
查看上传成功的镜像 镜像大小是压缩过后的大小。
准备yaml文件
# 生成springbootdemo.yaml
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create deployment springboothello --imageregistry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:v1 --dry-runclient -o yaml springbootdemo.yaml# 查看yaml文件
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# ls
... springbootdemo.yaml ...# 查看springbootdemo.yaml内容
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# cat springbootdemo.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:creationTimestamp: nulllabels:app: springboothelloname: springboothello
spec:replicas: 1selector:matchLabels:app: springboothellostrategy: {}template:metadata:creationTimestamp: nulllabels:app: springboothellospec:containers:- image: registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:v1name: springbootdemoresources: {}
status: {}
创建deployment
应用springbootdemo.yaml创建deployment
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f springbootdemo.yaml
deployment.apps/springboothello created
查看deployment
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
springboothello 0/1 1 0 12s
查看deployment详情
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe deployment springboothello
Name: springboothello
Namespace: default
CreationTimestamp: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 12:28:11 0800
Labels: appspringboothello
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector: appspringboothello
Replicas: 1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds: 0
RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:Labels: appspringboothelloContainers:springbootdemo:Image: registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/mytest_ns/springbootdemo:v1Port: noneHost Port: noneEnvironment: noneMounts: noneVolumes: noneNode-Selectors: noneTolerations: none
Conditions:Type Status Reason---- ------ ------Available True MinimumReplicasAvailableProgressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets: none
NewReplicaSet: springboothello-747b759b88 (1/1 replicas created)
Events:Type Reason Age From Message---- ------ ---- ---- -------Normal ScalingReplicaSet 103s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set springboothello-747b759b88 to 1
查看pod
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
springboothello-747b759b88-v8t54 1/1 Running 0 2m59s
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
springboothello-747b759b88-v8t54 1/1 Running 0 3m52s 10.244.85.192 k8s-node01 none none
[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
访问测试
集群内命令访问
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# curl 10.244.85.192:8080/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
[rootk8s-node01 ~]# curl 10.244.85.192:8080/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-node01 ~]#
[rootk8s-node02 ~]# curl 10.244.85.192:8080/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-node02 ~]#
注意此时只能在集群内部使用。如果用集群外的浏览器访问访问不了 扩容deployment pod
# pod扩容为3
[rootk8s-makubectl scale deployment springboothello --replicas3
deployment.apps/springboothello scaled
# 查看pods,还有容器正在创建
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
springboothello-747b759b88-cs9dv 1/1 Running 0 6s 10.244.85.196 k8s-node01 none none
springboothello-747b759b88-jzlpm 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6s none k8s-node02 none none
springboothello-747b759b88-v8t54 1/1 Running 0 112m 10.244.85.192 k8s-node01 none none
# 查看pods成功如下
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
springboothello-747b759b88-cs9dv 1/1 Running 0 3m8s 10.244.85.196 k8s-node01 none none
springboothello-747b759b88-jzlpm 1/1 Running 0 3m8s 10.244.58.194 k8s-node02 none none
springboothello-747b759b88-v8t54 1/1 Running 0 115m 10.244.85.192 k8s-node01 none none
[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
公布应用程序
对外暴露应用
# 对外暴露应用
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl expose deployment springboothello --port8080 --target-port8080 --typeNodePort
命令参数说明 expose这是 kubectl 的一个子命令用于创建一个新的服务来暴露一个资源如 Deployment、Pod 等。 deployment springboothello指定要暴露的资源是名为 springboothello 的 Deployment。这意味着该服务会将流量路由到这个 Deployment 所管理的 Pod 集合上。 --port8080定义了服务在集群内部监听的端口号为 8080。当其他服务或 Pod 在集群内部要访问这个服务时会使用这个端口。 --target-port8080指定了流量最终要被转发到后端 Pod 上的端口号也是 8080。也就是说从服务的 8080 端口接收到的流量会被转发到对应的 Deployment 所管理的 Pod 的 8080 端口上。 --typeNodePort设置服务的类型为 NodePort。这种类型的服务会在集群中的每个节点Node上开放一个指定范围通常是 30000 - 32767内的随机端口外部客户端可以通过访问集群中任意节点的该随机端口来访问到服务背后的应用这里就是 springboothello Deployment 所管理的 Pod 运行的应用。 查看服务
# 查看service
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 none 443/TCP 60d
springboothello NodePort 10.1.199.196 none 8080:30582/TCP 8s
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# 从service中可以看到springboothello的Service CLUSTER-IP为10.1.199.196PORT 8080映射为30582端口
访问测试
命令访问Service CLUSTER-IP:8080/hello
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# curl 10.1.199.196:8080/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
命令访问K8S机器IP:30582
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# curl 192.168.204.101:30582/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# curl 192.168.204.102:30582/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
[rootk8s-master01 ~]# curl 192.168.204.103:30582/hello
Hello World[rootk8s-master01 ~]#
浏览器访问
192.168.204.101:30582/hello
192.168.204.102:30582/hello
192.168.204.103:30582/hello 看到能正常返回数据说明公布应用程序成功。
至此已成功使用Kubernetes部署Spring Boot项目。 完成 enjoy it!
